Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
The daily eastward rotation of the Earth on its axis produces an apparent diurnal westward rotation of the starry sphere. Thus, the stars seem to rotate about a northern or southern celestial pole, the projection into space of the Earth’s own poles. Equidistant from the two poles is the celestial equator; this great circle is the projection into space of the Earth’s Equator.
...mark the positions of heavenly bodies, it can be considered a real sphere at an infinite distance from the Earth. The Earth’s axis, extended to infinity, touches this sphere at the north and south celestial poles, around which the heavens seem to turn. The plane of the Earth’s Equator, extended to infinity, marks the celestial equator. See also hour circle; ecliptic; zenith.
The projection onto the sky of the Earth’s axis of rotation results in two notable points at opposite directions: the north and south celestial poles. Because of precession, these points trace out circles on the sky. Today, the north celestial pole points to within just 1° of the arc of Polaris. It will point closest to Polaris in ad 2017. In 12,000 years the north celestial pole will...
Celestial-coordinates-seen-by-an-observer-in-mid-northern-latitudesFigure 1: Celestial coordinates seen by an observer in mid-northern latitudes. His celestial …
The-north-celestial-and-the-north-ecliptic-poles-at-variousFigure 2: The north celestial and the north ecliptic poles at various positions of the Earth in its …
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