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The 1964 Olympics introduced improved timing and scoring technologies, including the first use of computers to keep statistics. After Taiwan and Israel were excluded from the Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO), a competition that had been held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1963, the IOC declared that any athlete participating in that sports festival would be ineligible for the Olympics....
The Asian Games, like most international sports festivals, were subject to many boycotts and exclusions based on political differences. In 1963 the Asian communist countries formed GANEFO (Games for the New Emerging Forces), which held games without IAAF approval in 1966. In general, GANEFO performances were better than those of the Asian Games, but only two festivals were held. In the 1970s...
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