born , Nicaea, Bithynia [now Iznik, Turkey] died after 127 bc , Rhodes?
The fullest and most accurate survey of Hipparchus’s life and work is G.J. Toomer, “Hipparchus,” in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 15 (1978), pp. 207–224. The principal source and the best translation for his astronomy is Ptolemy, Ptolemy’s Almagest, trans. and annotated by G.J. Toomer (1984, reissued 1998). Hipparchus’s commentary on Phaenomena has never been translated into English, but a German translation accompanies the Greek text in Carolus Manitius (Karl Manitius) (ed.), Hipparchou Tōn Aratou kai Eudoxou Phainomenōn exēgēseōs biblia tria (1894). Aspects of Hipparchus’s astronomy are discussed in G.J. Toomer, “Hipparchus and Babylonian Astronomy,” in Erle Leichty, Maria deJ. Ellis, and Pamela Gerardi (eds.), A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs (1988), pp. 353–362; and Gerd Grasshoff, The History of Ptolemy’s Star Catalogue (1990). For the remains of the geographical work, see D.R. Dicks (ed.), The Geographical Fragments of Hipparchus (1960); for the work on falling bodies, Michael Wolff, “Philoponus and the Rise of Preclassical Dynamics,” in Richard Sorabji (ed.), Philoponus and the Rejection of Aristotelian Science (1987), pp. 84–120; and for his combinatorics, R.P. Stanley, “Hipparchus, Plutarch, Schröder and Hough,” The American Mathematical Monthly, 104(4):344–350 (April 1997).
Bronze-coin-from-Roman-Bithynia-bearing-an-image-of-HipparchusBronze coin from Roman Bithynia (c. ad 230), bearing an image of Hipparchus of Nicaea.[Credits : Copyright The British Musem]
Hipparchus-observing-the-stars-engraving-19th-centuryHipparchus observing the stars, engraving, 19th century.[Credits : The Granger Collection, New York]
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