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...the unaided eye, only a few hundred have proper names, and less than 60 are commonly used by navigators or astronomers. A few names come almost directly from the Greek, such as Procyon, Canopus, and Antares—the latter derived from “anti-Ares” or “rival of Mars” because of its conspicuous red colour. The stars Sirius (“Scorcher”) and Arcturus (“Bear...
...combined with parallax measurements (which yield a star’s distance; see below Determining stellar distances), give sizes of 12 and 22 solar radii for Arcturus and Aldebaran A. Betelgeuse and Antares A are examples of supergiant stars. The latter has a radius some 300 times that of the Sun, whereas the variable star Betelgeuse oscillates between roughly 300 and 600 solar radii. Several of...
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