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The four butterfly families are: Pieridae, the whites and sulfurs, known for their mass migrations; Papilionidae, the swallowtails and parnassians (the latter sometimes considered a separate family, Parnassiidae); Lycaenidae, including the blues, coppers, hairstreaks, gossamer-winged butterflies, and metalmarks (the latter...
in lepidopteran: Annotated classification )Family Pieridae (white, orange-tip, and sulfur butterflies) Approximately 1,000 small to medium-size species; no native species are found in New Zealand;...
...often reach Canada. Many spectacular emigrations occur in the tropics, where swarms numbering in the millions may fly out to sea and become lost. The best-known group having these mass movements are pierid butterflies, but mass flights of certain large day-flying swallowtail moths (Urania leila and U. fulgens) have also been recorded. The usual explanation of such...
...certain Brazilian forest butterflies of two distinct families. Members of one family, the Heliconiidae, are unpalatable to birds and are conspicuously coloured; members of the other family, the Pieridae, are edible to predators. Bates concluded that the conspicuous coloration of the inedible species must serve as a warning for predators that had learned of their inedibility through...
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