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  • Geneva Accords (history of Indochina)
    collection of documents relating to Indochina and issuing from the Geneva Conference of April 26–July 21, 1954, attended by representatives of Cambodia, the People’s Republic of China, France, Laos, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union...
  • Geneva Bible (religion)
    new translation of the Bible published in Geneva (New Testament, 1557; Old Testament, 1560) by a colony of Protestant scholars in exile from England who worked under the general direction of Miles Coverdale and John Knox and under the influence of John Calvin. The English churchmen had fled London during the repressive reign of the Roman Catholic Mary I, which...
  • Geneva Catechism (religion)
    doctrinal confession prepared by John Calvin to instruct children in Reformed theology. Recognizing that his first catechism (1537) was too difficult for children, Calvin rewrote it. He arranged the Geneva Catechism (1542) in questions and answers in an effort to simplify doctrinal complexities....
  • Geneva City Conservatory and Botanical Gardens (research centre, Geneva, Switzerland)
    major botanical research centre in Geneva, Switz., specializing in such areas as floristics, biosystematics, and morphology. Founded in 1817, the 19-hectare (47-acre) municipal garden cultivates about 15,000 species of plants; it has important collections of alpine plants and orchids, an arboretum, and special plantings for pedagogic purposes. Many of the plantings are arranged to show characteri...
  • Geneva College (college, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, United States)
    The first college to play the game was either Geneva College (Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania) or the University of Iowa. C.O. Bemis heard about the new sport at Springfield and tried it out with his students at Geneva in 1892. At Iowa, H.F. Kallenberg, who had attended Springfield in 1890, wrote Naismith for a copy of the rules and also presented the game to his students. At Springfield,......
  • Geneva Conference (history of Indochina)
    collection of documents relating to Indochina and issuing from the Geneva Conference of April 26–July 21, 1954, attended by representatives of Cambodia, the People’s Republic of China, France, Laos, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union...
  • Geneva Convention on the High Seas (1958)
    ...the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation (1944). Airspace is now generally accepted as an appurtenance of the subjacent territory and shares the latter’s legal status. Thus, under the Geneva Convention on the High Seas (1958) as well as under international customary law, the freedom of the high seas applies to aerial navigation as well as to maritime navigation. Vertically,...
  • Geneva Conventions (1864–1977)
    a series of international treaties concluded in Geneva between 1864 and 1949 for the purpose of ameliorating the effects of war on soldiers and civilians. Two additional protocols to the 1949 agreement were approved in 1977....
  • Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea
    ...on the development of the Dutch economy. The gas fields are in the northeastern Netherlands—with the largest field at Slochteren—and beneath the Dutch sector of the North Sea. Under the Geneva Convention of 1958, The Netherlands was allocated a 22,000-square-mile (57,000-square-km) block of the continental shelf of the North Sea, an area larger than the country itself. Technologic...
  • Geneva Gas Protocol (1925)
    ...ships and to scrap certain other ships. At the London Naval Conference (1930), however, Italy and France refused to agree to an extension of the agreement, and Japan withdrew in 1935. In 1925 the Geneva Protocol, which now has some 130 parties, prohibited the use of asphyxiating and poisonous gases and bacteriological weapons in international conflicts, though it did not apply to internal or......
  • Geneva General Act for the Settlement of Disputes (League of Nations)
    There are several multilateral treaties that provide for the settlement of international disputes by arbitration, including the Geneva General Act for the Settlement of Disputes of 1928, adopted by the League of Nations and reactivated by the UN General Assembly in 1949. That act provides for the settlement of various disputes, after unsuccessful efforts at conciliation, by an arbitral tribunal......
  • Geneva, Lake (lake, Europe)
    largest Alpine lake in Europe (area 224 square miles [581 square km]), lying between southwestern Switzerland and Haute-Savoie département, southeastern France. About 134 square miles (347 square km) of the lake’s area are Swiss, and 90 square miles (234 square km) are French. Crescent in shape, the lake is formed by the Rhône River, which enters it at the east end betw...
  • Geneva mechanism (device)
    one of the most commonly used devices for producing intermittent rotary motion, characterized by alternate periods of motion and rest with no reversal in direction. It is also used for indexing (i.e., rotating a shaft through a prescribed angle)....
  • Geneva Protocol (1924)
    Beneš submitted an improved Geneva Protocol (or Protocol for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes) in October. Under the protocol, states would agree to submit all disputes to the Permanent Court of International Justice, any state refusing arbitration was ipso facto the aggressor, and the League Council could impose binding sanctions by a two-thirds majority. France......
  • Geneva Protocol of 1925 (1925)
    ...ships and to scrap certain other ships. At the London Naval Conference (1930), however, Italy and France refused to agree to an extension of the agreement, and Japan withdrew in 1935. In 1925 the Geneva Protocol, which now has some 130 parties, prohibited the use of asphyxiating and poisonous gases and bacteriological weapons in international conflicts, though it did not apply to internal or......
  • Geneva Protocol on Gas Warfare (1925)
    ...ships and to scrap certain other ships. At the London Naval Conference (1930), however, Italy and France refused to agree to an extension of the agreement, and Japan withdrew in 1935. In 1925 the Geneva Protocol, which now has some 130 parties, prohibited the use of asphyxiating and poisonous gases and bacteriological weapons in international conflicts, though it did not apply to internal or......
  • Geneva stop (device)
    one of the most commonly used devices for producing intermittent rotary motion, characterized by alternate periods of motion and rest with no reversal in direction. It is also used for indexing (i.e., rotating a shaft through a prescribed angle)....
  • Geneva Summit (1985)
    The first Reagan-Gorbachev summit took place in Geneva in November 1985. A joint statement proposed a 50 percent reduction in the superpowers’ nuclear arsenal. The next summit took place at Reykjavík, Ice., in October 1986. The Soviets came very well prepared but demanded agreement on all their points. The discussions broke down over the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI; a proposed....
  • Geneva Summit (1955)
    ...had been urging a summit conference ever since 1945, and once de-Stalinization and the Austrian State Treaty gave hints of Soviet flexibility, even Dulles acquiesced in a summit, which convened at Geneva in July 1955. The Soviets again called for a unified, neutral Germany, while the West insisted that it could come about only through free elections. On arms control, Eisenhower stunned the......
  • Genevan Psalter (hymnal)
    Huguenot composer who wrote, compiled, and edited many melodic settings of Psalms in the Genevan Psalter....
  • Genève (canton, Switzerland)
    canton, southwestern Switzerland. The canton lies between the Jura Mountains and the Alps and consists mainly of its capital, the city of Geneva (Genève). It is one of the smallest cantons in the Swiss Confederation. Bordering on Vaud canton for 3.5 miles (5.5 km) in the extreme north, it is otherwise surrounded by French territory—the département of ...
  • Genève (Switzerland)
    city, capital of Genève canton, in the far southwestern corner of Switzerland that juts into France. One of Europe’s most cosmopolitan cities, Geneva has served as a model for republican government and owes its preeminence to the triumph of human, rather than geographic, factors. It developed its unique character from the 16th century, when, as the centre of the Ca...
  • Genève, Academie de (academy, Geneva, Switzerland)
    private school of education founded at Geneva, Switz., in 1912 by a Swiss psychologist, Édouard Claparède, to advance child psychology and its application to education. A pioneer of scientific-realist education, Claparède believed that, as opposed to automatic learned performance or simple reflex, thinking must be developed in children, and that education mu...
  • Genève, Lac de (lake, Europe)
    largest Alpine lake in Europe (area 224 square miles [581 square km]), lying between southwestern Switzerland and Haute-Savoie département, southeastern France. About 134 square miles (347 square km) of the lake’s area are Swiss, and 90 square miles (234 square km) are French. Crescent in shape, the lake is formed by the Rhône River, which enters it at the east end betw...
  • Genever (alcoholic beverage)
    Netherlands gins, known as Hollands, geneva, genever, or Schiedam, for a distilling centre near Rotterdam, are made from a mash containing barley malt, fermented to make beer. The beer is distilled, producing spirits called malt wine, with 50–55 percent alcohol content by volume. This product is distilled again with juniper berries and other botanicals, producing a final product......
  • Geneviève, Saint (French saint)
    patron saint of Paris, who allegedly saved that city from the Huns....
  • Geneviève, Sainte (French saint)
    patron saint of Paris, who allegedly saved that city from the Huns....
  • Genevois, Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie, prince de (French duke)
    eldest son of the former duke, Jacques de Savoie....
  • Genevois, Jacques de Savoie, comte de (French duke)
    noted soldier and courtier during the French wars of religion....
  • Genf (canton, Switzerland)
    canton, southwestern Switzerland. The canton lies between the Jura Mountains and the Alps and consists mainly of its capital, the city of Geneva (Genève). It is one of the smallest cantons in the Swiss Confederation. Bordering on Vaud canton for 3.5 miles (5.5 km) in the extreme north, it is otherwise surrounded by French territory—the département of ...
  • Genf (Switzerland)
    city, capital of Genève canton, in the far southwestern corner of Switzerland that juts into France. One of Europe’s most cosmopolitan cities, Geneva has served as a model for republican government and owes its preeminence to the triumph of human, rather than geographic, factors. It developed its unique character from the 16th century, when, as the centre of the Ca...
  • Genfersee (lake, Europe)
    largest Alpine lake in Europe (area 224 square miles [581 square km]), lying between southwestern Switzerland and Haute-Savoie département, southeastern France. About 134 square miles (347 square km) of the lake’s area are Swiss, and 90 square miles (234 square km) are French. Crescent in shape, the lake is formed by the Rhône River, which enters it at the east end betw...
  • Geng Jimao (Chinese warlord)
    Once in power, the Kangxi emperor was confronted by the grave problem of what to do with three vassal kings in South China. The three kings—Wu Sangui of Yunnan, Shang Kexi of Guangdong, and Geng Jimao (after his death succeeded by his son Geng Jingzhong) of Fujian—were among the Chinese warlords who, with their powerful firearms, had been welcomed into the Manchu camp even before......
  • Geng Jingzhong (Chinese general)
    Chinese general whose revolt was one of the most serious threats to the authority of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12). In return for their services in establishing Manchu power in China, the Geng clan had been given control of a large fiefdom in Fujian province in South China. But in 1674 the Manchu attempted to regain control of the fiefdom. Ge...
  • Genga, Annibale Sermattei della (pope)
    pope from 1823 to 1829....
  • “Gengaeldelsens veje” (work by Dinesen)
    ...the English hunter Denys Finch Hatton, and the disappearance of the simple African way of life she admired. In 1944 she produced her only novel Gengældelsens veje (The Angelic Avengers) under the pseudonym Pierre Andrézel. It is a melodramatic tale of innocents who defeat their apparently benevolent but actually evil captor, but Danish readers saw......
  • “Gengangere” (work by Ibsen)
    Ibsen’s next play, Gengangere (1881; Ghosts), created even more dismay and distaste than its predecessor by showing worse consequences of covering up even more ugly truths. Ostensibly the play’s theme is congenital venereal disease, but on another level, it deals with the power of ingrained moral contamination to undermine the most de...
  • Genghis Khan (Mongolian emperor)
    Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea....
  • Gengou, Octave (Belgian bacteriologist)
    In Brussels, where Bordet founded and directed (1901–40) what is now the Pasteur Institute of Brussels, he continued his immunity research with Octave Gengou, his brother-in-law. Their work led to the development of the complement-fixation test, a diagnostic technique that was used to detect the presence of infectious agents in the blood, including those that cause typhoid, tuberculosis,......
  • Gengzhitu (Chinese text)
    ...More thoroughly Westernized work, highly exotic from the Asian perspective, was produced both by native court artists like Chiao Ping-chen, who applied Western perspective to his illustrations of Keng-chih-t’u (“Rice and Silk Culture”), which were reproduced and distributed in the form of wood engravings in 1696, and by Giuseppe Castiglione. In the mid-18th century C...
  • “Geniale Menschen” (work by Kretschmer)
    ...which he suggested that the formation of symptoms in hysteria is initially conscious but is then taken over by automatic mechanisms and becomes unconscious, and Geniale Menschen (1929; The Psychology of Men of Genius, 1931). In 1933 Kretschmer resigned as president of the German Society of Psychotherapy in protest against the Nazi takeover of the government, but unlike other......
  • genic selection (biology)
    ...A somewhat more significant issue arose when some evolutionary theorists in the early 1970s began to argue that the level at which selection truly takes place is that of the gene. The “genic selection” approach was initially rejected by many as excessively reductionistic. This hostility was partly based on misunderstanding, which is now largely removed thanks to the efforts......
  • geniculostriate pathway (physiology)
    The visual pathway so far described is called the geniculostriate pathway, and in man it may well be the exclusive one from a functional aspect because lesions in this pathway lead to blindness. Nevertheless, many of the optic tract fibres, even in man, relay in the superior colliculi, a paired formation on the roof of the midbrain. From the colliculi there is no relay to the cortex, so that......
  • genie (Arabian mythology)
    in Arabic mythology, a supernatural spirit below the level of angels and devils. Ghūl (treacherous spirits of changing shape), ʿifrīt (diabolic, evil spirits), and siʿlā (treacherous spirits of invariable form) constitute classes of jinn. Jinn are beings of flame or air who are capable of assuming human o...
  • Génie des religions, Le (work by Quinet)
    ...increased by the publication of his epic prose poem Ahasvérus (1833), in which the legend of the Wandering Jew is used to symbolize the progress of humanity through the years. In Le Génie des religions (1842; “The Genius of Religions”) he expressed sympathy for all religions while committing himself to none, but shortly afterward his increasingly......
  • “Génie du christianisme, Le” (work by Chateaubriand)
    ...of the Napoleonic period is that its most lasting cultural contributions were side effects and not the result of imperial intentions. Two of these contributions were books. One, Chateaubriand’s The Genius of Christianity (1802), was a long tract designed to make the author’s peace with the ruler and revigorate Roman Catholic faith. The other, Madame de Staël’s...
  • genii (Roman religion)
    in classical Roman times, an attendant spirit of a person or place....
  • genin (Japanese society)
    ...or jitō. These groups, while distinct from one another, were also quite separate from transient agriculturalists present in many estates. The lowest peasant category, called genin (“low person”), was made up of people who were essentially household servants with no land rights. ...
  • Genio y figuras de Guadalajara (work by Yáñez)
    ...subsecretary to the president of Mexico (1962–64), and secretary of education (1964–70). Most of his works are set in Jalisco, his native state. Among his nonfiction volumes is Genio y figuras de Guadalajara (1941; “The Character and Personages of Guadalajara”), which recalls the men who developed the city. The essay collections Mitos......
  • genital herpes (pathology)
    ...subsecretary to the president of Mexico (1962–64), and secretary of education (1964–70). Most of his works are set in Jalisco, his native state. Among his nonfiction volumes is Genio y figuras de Guadalajara (1941; “The Character and Personages of Guadalajara”), which recalls the men who developed the city. The essay collections Mitos.........
  • genital organs (anatomy)
    In a general sense reproduction is one of the most important concepts in biology: it means making a copy, a likeness, and thereby providing for the continued existence of species. Although reproduction is often considered solely in terms of the production of offspring in animals and plants, the more general meaning has far greater significance to living organisms. To appreciate this fact, the......
  • genital phase (psychology)
    ...always maintained the intrapsychic importance of the Oedipus complex, whose successful resolution is the precondition for the transition through latency to the mature sexuality he called the genital phase. Here the parent of the opposite sex is conclusively abandoned in favour of a more suitable love object able to reciprocate reproductively useful passion. In the case of the girl,......
  • genital protrusion (human anatomy)
    Copulatory organs have developed independently in several groups of vertebrates having internal fertilization. The penis in mammals develops from an outgrowth called the genital tubercle, located at the anterior edge of the urinogenital orifice. The tubercle is laid down in a similar way in embryos of both sexes, and the region of the urinogenital orifice remains in an indifferent state even......
  • genital ridge (human anatomy)
    ...first develop in the same form for both males and females: internally there are two undifferentiated gonads and two pairs of parallel ducts (Wolffian and Müllerian ducts); externally there is a genital protrusion with a groove (urethral groove) below it, the groove being flanked by two folds (urethral folds). On either side of the genital protrusion and groove are two ridgelike swellings...
  • genital stage (psychology)
    ...always maintained the intrapsychic importance of the Oedipus complex, whose successful resolution is the precondition for the transition through latency to the mature sexuality he called the genital phase. Here the parent of the opposite sex is conclusively abandoned in favour of a more suitable love object able to reciprocate reproductively useful passion. In the case of the girl,......
  • genital tract (anatomy)
    In a general sense reproduction is one of the most important concepts in biology: it means making a copy, a likeness, and thereby providing for the continued existence of species. Although reproduction is often considered solely in terms of the production of offspring in animals and plants, the more general meaning has far greater significance to living organisms. To appreciate this fact, the......
  • genital tubercle (human anatomy)
    Copulatory organs have developed independently in several groups of vertebrates having internal fertilization. The penis in mammals develops from an outgrowth called the genital tubercle, located at the anterior edge of the urinogenital orifice. The tubercle is laid down in a similar way in embryos of both sexes, and the region of the urinogenital orifice remains in an indifferent state even......
  • genital wart (pathology)
    ...for those in pressure areas, such as the plantar warts occurring on the sole of the foot. They may occur as isolated lesions or grow profusely, especially in moist regions of the body surface. Genital warts, or condylomata acuminata, are wartlike growths in the pubic area that are accompanied by itching and discharge....
  • genitalia (anatomy)
    In a general sense reproduction is one of the most important concepts in biology: it means making a copy, a likeness, and thereby providing for the continued existence of species. Although reproduction is often considered solely in terms of the production of offspring in animals and plants, the more general meaning has far greater significance to living organisms. To appreciate this fact, the......
  • genitive case (grammar)
    ...ɣĩ-tsaɣ is “he cried,” and ɣwa-tsaɣ is “he will cry.”In noun forms, the concept of possession is widely expressed by prefixes indicating the person and number of the possessor. Thus Karok has ávaha “food,” nani-ávaha “my food,”......
  • genitofemoral nerve (anatomy)
    Minor cutaneous and muscular branches of the lumbar plexus include the iliohypogastric, genitofemoral, and ilioinguinal (projecting to the lower abdomen and to inguinal and genital regions) and the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (to skin on the lateral thigh). Two major branches of the lumbar plexus are the obturator and femoral nerves. The obturator enters the thigh through the obturator......
  • genitor (kinship)
    ...parents are expected to do in Western society. This distinction is particularly common in the case of fathers, and to accommodate it anthropologists have developed separate kinship terms: a “genitor” is a biological father, and a “pater” is a social one. ...
  • genitourinary system (anatomy)
    in vertebrates, the organs concerned with reproduction and urinary excretion. Although their functions are unrelated, the structures involved in excretion and reproduction are morphologically associated and often use common ducts. The major structures of the urinary system in mammals are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The major structures of the reproductive system in males are the te...
  • genius (psychology)
    in psychology, a person of extraordinary intellectual power....
  • genius (Roman religion)
    in classical Roman times, an attendant spirit of a person or place....
  • genius Augusti (Roman religion)
    ...It penetrated the west only slowly, but from 12 bc an assembly for the three imperial Gallic provinces existed at Lugdunum.) In Italy the official cult was to the genius Augusti (the life spirit of his family); it was coupled in Rome with the Lares Compitales (the spirits of his ancestors). Its principal custodians (s...
  • Genius of Christianity, The (work by Chateaubriand)
    ...of the Napoleonic period is that its most lasting cultural contributions were side effects and not the result of imperial intentions. Two of these contributions were books. One, Chateaubriand’s The Genius of Christianity (1802), was a long tract designed to make the author’s peace with the ruler and revigorate Roman Catholic faith. The other, Madame de Staël’s...
  • Genius of Universal Emancipation (American newspaper)
    ...where he was first exposed to the slave trade. In 1815 he organized the Union Humane Society, an antislavery association, in Ohio. In 1821 he founded a newspaper, the Genius of Universal Emancipation, which he edited at irregular intervals in various places until 1835, when he began publication of another newspaper, The National......
  • Genius of Wisconsin (work by Mears)
    Mears attended Oshkosh State Normal School (now a branch of the University of Wisconsin). In 1892 she was commissioned to sculpt a design of a woman and winged eagle, titled Genius of Wisconsin, for the Wisconsin Building at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. While executing the work at The Art Institute of Chicago, she received some encouragement fro...
  • Genius, the (American musician)
    American pianist, singer, composer, and bandleader, a leading black entertainer billed as “the Genius.” Charles was credited with the early development of soul music, a style based on a melding of gospel, rhythm and blues, and jazz music....
  •  ‘Genius,’ The (novel by Dreiser)
    ...The Financier (1912) and The Titan (1914), followed. Dreiser recorded his experiences on a trip to Europe in A Traveler at Forty (1913). In his next major novel, The ‘Genius’ (1915), he transformed his own life and numerous love affairs into a sprawling semiautobiographical chronicle that was censured by the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice....
  • geniza (Judaism)
    in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious, scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only fitting manner of disposing of sacred documents. Countless sacred manuscripts—called shemot...
  • genizah (Judaism)
    in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious, scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only fitting manner of disposing of sacred documents. Countless sacred manuscripts—called shemot...
  • Genizah Documents (Egyptian history)
    ...written and spoken language is attested by the discovery in the genizah (storeroom) of a Cairo synagogue of thousands of letters and documents—called the Genizah Documents—dating from the 11th through the 13th century. Though often written in Hebrew characters, the actual language of most of these documents is Arabic, which proves that Arabic...
  • genizot (Judaism)
    in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious, scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only fitting manner of disposing of sacred documents. Countless sacred manuscripts—called shemot...
  • genizoth (Judaism)
    in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious, scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only fitting manner of disposing of sacred documents. Countless sacred manuscripts—called shemot...
  • Genje carpet
    floor covering handwoven in Azerbaijan in or near the city of Gäncä (also spelled Gendje or Gänjä; in the Soviet era it was named Kirovabad, and under Imperial Russia, Yelizavetpol). The carpets are characterized by simple, angular designs and saturated (intense) colours. Genje carpets most often have designs composed of octagons, stars, or three geom...
  • Genji family (Japanese family)
    ...Fujiwara influence in the 11th century, and the Fujiwara family was eliminated as a power at the court in the 12th century. In the Hōgen Disturbance of 1156 the contender supported by the Minamoto, a warrior family allied with the Fujiwara, lost to the emperor Shirakawa, supported by the warrior family of the Taira. In the Heiji Disturbance of 1159, the Minamoto–Fujiwara forces,.....
  • “Genji monogatari” (work by Murasaki)
    masterpiece of Japanese literature by Murasaki Shikibu. Written at the start of the 11th century, it is generally considered the world’s first novel....
  • “Genji, The Tale of” (work by Murasaki)
    masterpiece of Japanese literature by Murasaki Shikibu. Written at the start of the 11th century, it is generally considered the world’s first novel....
  • Genkō shakusho (work by Kokan Shiren)
    ...in Idleness (Tsurezuregusa) also made their appearance. The new nationalistic fervour aroused by the successful struggle against the Mongols found expression in Kokan Shiren’s Genkō shakusho (1332), a 30-volume history of Buddhism in Japan....
  • Genkū (Buddhist priest)
    Buddhist priest, founder of the Pure Land (Jōdo) Buddhist sect of Japan. He was seminal in establishing Pure Land pietism as one of the central forms of Buddhism in Japan. Introduced as a student monk to Pure Land doctrines brought from China by Tendai priests, he stressed nembutsu (Japanese: recitation of the name of Amida Buddha) as the one practic...
  • Genlis, Madame de (French author)
    ...as has been noted, did make a difference. Émile at least drew attention to what education might be. But the effect on children’s literature was not truly liberating. His disciple, Mme de Genlis, set a stern face against make-believe of any sort; all marvels must be explained rationally. Her stories taught children more than they wanted to know, a circumstance that endeared ...
  • Genlisea (plant genus)
    ...(two species; Cuba, South America) and Polypompholyx (two species; Australia) are very similar to Utricularia and also trap their prey by means of highly specialized bladders. Genlisea is a small tropical genus of 15 species of tiny aquatic plants that trap their prey by means of tiny pitcherlike structures. The butterworts, 45 species in the genus Pinguicula,......
  • Gennadios II Scholarios (patriarch of Constantinople)
    first patriarch of Constantinople (1454–64) under Turkish rule and the foremost Greek Orthodox Aristotelian theologian and polemicist of his time. Scholarios became expert in European philosophy and theology and was called “the Latinist” derisively by his colleagues. He also taught and commented on Aristotelian and Neoplatonic texts, the chief expressions of classical Greek re...
  • Gennadius I of Constantinople, Saint (Byzantine theologian)
    Byzantine theologian, biblical exegete, and patriarch, a champion of Christian Orthodoxy who strove for an ecumenical (Greek: “universal”) statement of doctrine on the person and work of Christ to reconcile the opposing Alexandrian (Egyptian) and Antiochene (Syrian) theological traditions....
  • Gennadius II Scholarius (patriarch of Constantinople)
    first patriarch of Constantinople (1454–64) under Turkish rule and the foremost Greek Orthodox Aristotelian theologian and polemicist of his time. Scholarios became expert in European philosophy and theology and was called “the Latinist” derisively by his colleagues. He also taught and commented on Aristotelian and Neoplatonic texts, the chief expressions of classical Greek re...
  • Gennadius of Marseilles (French theologian)
    theologian-priest whose work De viris illustribus (“On Famous Men”) constitutes the sole source for biographical and bibliographical information on numerous early Eastern and Western Christian authors....
  • Gennadius of Novgorod (Russian Orthodox archbishop)
    Russian Orthodox archbishop of Novgorod, Russia, whose leadership in suppressing Judaizing Christian sects occasioned his editing the first Russian translation of the Bible....
  • Gennaro, Peter (American dancer and choreographer)
    American dancer and choreographer (b. Nov. 23, 1919, Metairie, La.—d. Sept. 28, 2000, New York, N.Y.), gained public attention as a member of the trio who danced the Bob Fosse number “Steam Heat” in the Broadway production The Pajama Game (1954), sustained that attention with the “Mu Cha Cha” number with Judy Holliday in Bells Are Ringing (1956), an...
  • Gennaro, San (Italian bishop)
    bishop of Benevento and patron saint of Naples. He is believed to have been martyred during the persecution under the Roman emperor Diocletian in 305. His fame rests on the relic, allegedly his blood, which is kept in a glass vial in the Naples Cathedral. Of solid substance, it liquefies 18 times each year. While no natural explanation has been given, the phenomenon has been tested frequently and ...
  • Gennep, Arnold van (French anthropologist)
    French ethnographer and folklorist, best known for his studies of the rites of passage of various cultures....
  • Gennep, Charles-Arnold Kurr van (French anthropologist)
    French ethnographer and folklorist, best known for his studies of the rites of passage of various cultures....
  • Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de (French physicist)
    French physicist, who was awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discoveries about the ordering of molecules in liquid crystals and polymers....
  • Gennesaret, Lake of (lake, Israel)
    lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. From 1948 to 1967 it was bordered immediately to the northeast by the cease-fire line with Syria. It is famous for its biblical associations. Located 686 feet (209 m) below sea level, it has a surface area of 64 square miles (166 square km). The sea’s maximum depth, which occurs in the northeast, is 157 feet (48 m). Measuring 13 miles (21...
  • Gennesaret, Plain of (plain, Israel)
    The Sea of Galilee is located in the great depression of the Jordan. The Plain of Gennesaret extends in a circular arc from the north to the northwest, and the Plain of Bet Ẓayda (Buteiha) in Syria extends to the northeast. To the west and the southwest, the hills of Lower Galilee fall abruptly to the lake’s edge. In the mid-eastern sections, the cliffs of the Plateau of Golan overlo...
  • Gennevilliers (town, France)
    town, a northwestern industrial suburb of Paris, in Hauts-de-Seine département, Île-de-France région, north-central France. Although of declining importance, manufacturing still takes place in Gennevilliers, including the production of components for the automobile and aeronautical industries, metal products, che...
  • Genoa (Italy)
    city and Mediterranean seaport in northwestern Italy. It is the capital of Genova provincia and of Liguria regione and is the centre of the Italian Riviera. Its total area is 93 square miles (240 square km)....
  • Genoa (Nevada, United States)
    unincorporated town, Douglas county, western Nevada, U.S., west of the Carson River and east of Lake Tahoe, 12 miles (19 km) south-southwest of Carson City. Genoa is the oldest permanent settlement in Nevada. It was founded in 1851 as a trading post and provisioning station to serve passing wagon trains along the Emigrant Trail. Then a part of Utah Territory, ...
  • Genoa, Conference of (European history)
    (April 10–May 19, 1922), post-World War I meeting at Genoa, Italy, to discuss the economic reconstruction of central and eastern Europe and to explore ways to improve relations between Soviet Russia and European capitalist regimes....
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