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  • Handan (novel by Adivar)
    ...social and economic progress. This program included public lectures attended by men and women together, a great social innovation. During this period Halide Edib published her famous novel Handan (“Family”), about the problems of an educated woman....
  • Handäoline (musical instrument)
    free-reed portable musical instrument, consisting of a treble casing with external piano-style keys or buttons and a bass casing (usually with buttons) attached to opposite sides of a hand-operated bellows....
  • handball (sport)
    game played between two teams of 7 or 11 players who try to throw or hit an inflated ball into a goal at either end of a rectangular playing area while preventing their opponents from doing so. It is unrelated to the two- or four-player games (see handball and fives), in which a small, hard ball is hit against one or more walls....
  • handball (wall game)
    any of a family of games played in walled courts or against a single wall, with a small rubber ball that is struck with hand or fist against the wall. The object is to cause the ball to rebound with variations of power or speed and at such an angle that the opposition cannot return it. There are three versions of handball: four-wall, three-wall, and one-wall. Each may be played by two (singles) o...
  • handbell (musical instrument)
    small bell—usually of brass or bronze but sometimes of copper, clay, porcelain, glass, wood, or other hard material—with an attached stem, loop, or leather strap for a handle; most have a clapper, though some are struck externally. The earliest handbells were probably of beaten copper, but since the Bronze Age most metal bells have been cast....
  • handbook (reference work)
    It was not until the 1860s that three of the most useful handbooks that were in daily use late into the 20th century began to appear. The Statesman’s Year-Book, important for its statistical and political information, began publication in 1864. In 1868 the English publisher Joseph Whitaker first issued his Whitaker’s......
  • Handbook of a Christian Knight (work by Erasmus)
    ...university town of Louvain (Brabant) and was reading Origen and St. Paul in Greek. The fruit of his labours was Enchiridion militis Christiani (1503/04; Handbook of a Christian Knight). In this work Erasmus urged readers to “inject into the vitals” the teachings of Christ by studying and meditating on the Scriptures, using the......
  • Handbook of Nature Study (work by Comstock)
    ...Her engravings were also widely exhibited and won several prizes. Books that she both wrote and illustrated include Ways of the Six-Footed (1903), How to Keep Bees (1905), The Handbook of Nature Study (1911, with more than two dozen editions), The Pet Book (1914), and Trees at Leisure (1916)....
  • Handbook of Physiological Optics (work by Helmholtz)
    ...mathematics and physics. Rather, he was able to coordinate the insights he had acquired from his experience in these disciplines and to apply them to every problem he examined. His greatest work, Handbook of Physiological Optics (1867), was characterized—like all of his scientific works—by a keen philosophical insight, molded by exact physiological investigations, and......
  • Handbuch der Experimental Physiologie der Pflanzen (book by Sachs)
    Sachs had a strong interest in the movement of water in plants. In his book on plant physiology, Handbuch der Experimental Physiologie der Pflanzen (1865), he discussed how root hairs remove water from the soil and deliver it to other cells of the root. In 1874 he announced the first part of his imbibition theory stating that imbibed (absorbed) water moves in tubes in the walls of the......
  • Handbuch der Klimatologie (work by Hann)
    ...was still in the age of meteorologic and climatological exploration, broad syntheses of old information thus kept pace with acquisition of the new fairly well. For example, Julius Hann’smassive Handbuch der Klimatologie (“Handbook of Climatology”), first issued in 1883, is mainly a compendium of works published in the Meteorologische Zeitschrift......
  • Handbuch der litauischen Sprache (work by Schleicher)
    ...living among the peasantry of Prussian Lithuania. This was the first attempt to study an Indo-European language directly from speech rather than from texts. His results appeared in the remarkable Handbuch der litauischen Sprache (1856–57; “Handbook of the Lithuanian Language”), the first scientific description and analysis of Lithuanian, complete with a grammar, read...
  • Handbuch der organischen Chemie (work by Beilstein)
    chemist who compiled the Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 2 vol. (1880–83; “Handbook of Organic Chemistry”), an indispensable tool for the organic chemist....
  • “Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie” (work by Rokitansky)
    His Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie, 3 vol. (1842–46; Treatise of Pathological Anatomy, 1849–52), represented an elevation of the discipline to the status of an established science....
  • Handbuch der Physik (encyclopaedia)
    ...of Sommerfeld and the clarity and simplicity of Fermi. This craftsmanship was displayed in full force in the many reviews that Bethe wrote. His two book-length reviews in the 1933 Handbuch der Physik—the first with Sommerfeld on solid-state physics and the second on the quantum theory of one- and two-electron systems—exhibited his remarkable powers of......
  • Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen für Vorlesungen (work by Müller)
    ...to Berlin to succeed Rudolphi. In his new post he again carefully explored many problems concerning animal function and structure. His early years in Berlin were devoted mainly to physiology. His Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen für Vorlesungen stimulated further basic research and became a starting point for the mechanistic concept of life processes, which was widely accepte...
  • Handbuch der rationellen Pathologie (work by Henle)
    ...(1840–44) at the University of Zürich, he published his Allgemeine Anatomie (1841; “General Anatomy”), the first systematic treatise of histology, followed by the Handbuch der rationellen Pathologie, 2 vol. (1846–53; “Handbook of Rational Pathology”), written while he was professor of anatomy and pathology at the University of Heide...
  • Handbuch der römischen Altertümer (work by Becker)
    ...in its field, the English translation passing through 10 editions between 1844 and 1891. A similar work on Greek life, Charikles (1840), enjoyed comparable success. His Handbuch der römischen Altertumer, 5 vol. (1843–68; “Handbook of Roman Antiquities”), was completed by the classical scholars Theodor Mommsen and Joachim Marquardt....
  • Handbuch der Seenkunde (book by Forel)
    ...investigations of lakes, notably Lake Geneva, and he published his findings in Le Léman: Monographie limnologique, 3 vol. (1892–1904). His standard work on limnology, Handbuch der Seenkunde (1901), included a study of the hitherto unexplained movement of lake waters known as seiches. Forel is credited with the discovery of density currents, which occur in the....
  • Handbuch der speziellen Pathologie und Therapie (work by Virchow)
    ...he married Rose Mayer, with whom he had three sons and three daughters. At Würzburg Virchow published many papers on pathological anatomy. He began there the publication of his six-volume Handbuch der speziellen Pathologie und Therapie (“Handbook of Special Pathology and Therapeutics”), most of the first volume of which he wrote himself. At Würzburg he also be...
  • Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie (work by Gmelin)
    ...1807 the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth issued his Chemisches Wörterbuch (“Chemical Dictionary”), but a more important event was the publication of the Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie (1817–19; “Handbook of Theoretical Chemistry”) by the German scientist Leopold Gmelin, a work of such excellence that long after its f...
  • handcuffs
    device for shackling the hands, used by police on prisoners under arrest. Until modern times, handcuffs were of two kinds: (1) the figure 8, which confined the hands close together either in front of or behind the body, and (2) rings that fitted around the wrists and were connected by a short chain, these being somewhat like those used by modern police forces. The old names were manacles; shackbo...
  • handedness (physiology)
    a tendency to use one hand rather than the other to perform most activities; it is the usual practice to classify persons as right-handed, left-handed, or ambidextrous. See laterality....
  • Händel, Georg Friedrich (German-English composer)
    German-born English composer of the late Baroque era, noted particularly for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. He wrote the most famous of all oratorios, Messiah (1741), and is also known for such occasional pieces as Water Music (1717) and Music for the Royal Fireworks (1749)....
  • Handel, George Frideric (German-English composer)
    German-born English composer of the late Baroque era, noted particularly for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. He wrote the most famous of all oratorios, Messiah (1741), and is also known for such occasional pieces as Water Music (1717) and Music for the Royal Fireworks (1749)....
  • Handelius, Jacobus (German-Austrian composer)
    German-Austrian composer known for his sacred music....
  • Handful of Blackberries, A (work by Silone)
    ...returned to Italy, becoming active in Italian political life as a leader of the Democratic Socialist Party. In 1950 he retired to devote himself to writing. Una manciata di more (1952; A Handful of Blackberries, 1954) and Il segreto di Luca (1956; The Secret of Luca, 1958) show Silone’s continued concern with the needs of southern Italy and the complexities of...
  • Handful of Dust, A (novel by Waugh)
    ...feeling muted, is the province of the novel of manners, and such fiction may be produced as readily in the 20th century as in the era of Fanny Burney or Jane Austen. Such novels as Evelyn Waugh’s Handful of Dust (1934) depend on the exact notation of the manners of a closed society, and personal tragedies are a mere temporary disturbance of collective order. Even Waugh’s tr...
  • handgun (weapon)
    any firearm small enough to be held in one hand when fired. It usually fires a single projectile or bullet, and additional ammunition may be available in a revolving mechanism or magazine. Handguns may be used for target shooting, hunting small game, or personal self-defense. Automatic handguns are illegal in many countries, and private ownership of any handgun is restricted in most of the world....
  • Handharmonika (musical instrument)
    free-reed portable musical instrument, consisting of a treble casing with external piano-style keys or buttons and a bass casing (usually with buttons) attached to opposite sides of a hand-operated bellows....
  • handheld computer (handheld computer)
    ...more and more powerful, researchers and entrepreneurs explored new possibilities in mobile computing. In the late 1980s and early ’90s, several companies came out with handheld computers, called personal digital assistants. PDAs typically replaced the cathode-ray tube screen with a more compact liquid crystal display, and they either had a miniature keyboard or replaced the keyboard with...
  • handicap (sports)
    in sports and games, method of offsetting the varying abilities or characteristics of competitors in order to equalize their chances of winning. Handicapping takes many, often complicated, forms. In horse racing, a track official known as the handicapper may assign weights to horses according to their speed in previous performances; the presumed fastest horse must carry the most...
  • handicap (medicine)
    ...inability is generally related to the lack of some basic attribute that would permit the individual to maintain himself or herself. Such persons may, for example, be blind, physically or emotionally disabled, or chronically ill. Physical and mental handicaps are usually regarded sympathetically, as being beyond the control of the people who suffer from them. Efforts to ameliorate poverty due to...
  • handicapped (social status)
    Belgian pioneer in the education of children, including those with physical disabilities. Through his work as a physician, Decroly became involved in a school for disabled children and consequently became interested in education. One outcome of this interest was his establishment in 1901 of the Institute for Abnormal Children in Uccle, Belg. Decroly credited the school’s homelike atmosphere...
  • handicraft
    Traditional cottage industries and handicrafts continue to play an important role in the economies of all Asian countries. They not only constitute major manufacturing activities in themselves but are also often the only available means to provide additional employment and raise the level of living for both rural and urban populations. In view of the growing world market for products of......
  • Handie-Talkie (communications)
    ...a pair of two-way radio communications products for the police and military. The first was an AM-band police-radio system adopted later that year in Bowling Green, Kentucky; the second was the Handie-Talkie (see photograph), an AM-band, handheld device with a long antenna that ultimately was used by soldiers during World War II. Both AM-based systems were quickly superseded by FM......
  • Handke, Peter (Austrian writer)
    avant-garde Austrian playwright, novelist, poet, and essayist, one of the most original German-language writers in the second half of the 20th century....
  • handkerchief perfume (chemistry)
    Perfumes are usually alcoholic solutions. The solutions, generally known as perfumes but also called extraits, extracts, or handkerchief perfumes, contain about 10–25 percent perfume concentrates. The terms toilet water and cologne are commonly used interchangeably; such products contain about 2–6 percent perfume concentrate. Originally, eau de cologne was a mixture of citrus oils......
  • handkerchief tree (plant)
    (species Davidia involucrata), small flowering tree, in the family Nyssaceae, with showy creamy bracts (modified leaves) surrounding the flowers. Native to southwestern China, it has been introduced elsewhere. Pyramidal in shape, with large bright-green leaves, it is especially impressive in bloom. Each terminal flower head is about 2 centimetres (34 inch)...
  • Handl, Jacob (German-Austrian composer)
    German-Austrian composer known for his sacred music....
  • Handler, Daniel (American author)
    Capitalizing on the unsentimental tastes of legions of 10–13-year-old readers, American storyteller Daniel Handler (a.k.a. Lemony Snicket) captured the imagination of his youthful audiences with A Series of Unfortunate Events. These unhappy morality tales—featuring titillating alliterative titles such as The Reptile Room (1999), The Austere Academy (2000), and ...
  • Handler, Milton (American lawyer)
    American lawyer and teacher who helped draft a number of well-known laws, among them the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, the National Labor Relations Act, and the GI Bill of Rights; he later was a noted antitrust litigator (b. Oct. 8, 1903, Bronx, N.Y.--d. Nov. 10, 1998, New York, N.Y.)....
  • Handler, Ruth Mosko (American businesswoman)
    American entrepreneur and businesswoman (b. Nov. 4, 1916, Denver, Colo.—d. April 27, 2002, Los Angeles, Calif.), was a cofounder of Mattel and created the Barbie doll, which in 1959 became the first mass-produced toy doll in the U.S. with adult features. Barbie, joined by several family members and friends and appearing in numerous career versions, soon was helping the company earn $100 mil...
  • Handley Page 0/400 (aircraft)
    British aircraft designer who built the Handley Page 0/400, one of the largest heavy bomber planes used in World War I....
  • Handley Page H.P.42 (aircraft)
    ...drove cars and trucks to create a visible track for pilots to follow; in some areas, they plowed furrows in the ground. Into the late 1930s, standard equipment on these routes was the stately Handley Page H.P.42, a biplane having a wingspan of 130 feet (40 metres) and four 490-horsepower Bristol Jupiter engines. Depending on seating arrangements, 24 to 38 passengers cruised along at about......
  • Handley Page Halifax (aircraft)
    British heavy bomber used during World War II. The Halifax was designed by Handley Page, Ltd., in response to a 1936 Royal Air Force (RAF) requirement for a bomber powered by two 24-cylinder Rolls-Royce Vulture engines. However, the Vulture encountered problems in development, and the bomber design was reworked in 1937 to take four Rolls-Royce Merlins...
  • Handley Page Transport, Ltd. (British company)
    British heavy bomber used during World War II. The Halifax was designed by Handley Page, Ltd., in response to a 1936 Royal Air Force (RAF) requirement for a bomber powered by two 24-cylinder Rolls-Royce Vulture engines. However, the Vulture encountered problems in development, and the bomber design was reworked in 1937 to take four Rolls-Royce Merlins. The result was a four-engined heavy bomber......
  • Handley, Tod (British conductor)
    British conductor who championed British composers, both in concert and in the studio; he made more than 150 recordings (nearly 90 of which included British music that had not previously been recorded), embracing works by such composers as Malcolm Arnold, Granville Bantock, Arnold Bax, Arthur Bliss, Rutland Boughton, Frederick Delius, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst, E.J. Moeran, Robert Simpson, Charle...
  • Handley, Vernon George (British conductor)
    British conductor who championed British composers, both in concert and in the studio; he made more than 150 recordings (nearly 90 of which included British music that had not previously been recorded), embracing works by such composers as Malcolm Arnold, Granville Bantock, Arnold Bax, Arthur Bliss, Rutland Boughton, Frederick Delius, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst, E.J. Moeran, Robert Simpson, Charle...
  • Handlin, Oscar (American historian)
    American historian and educator noted for his examinations of immigration and other social topics in American history....
  • handling (painting)
    ...The starting point of Cézanne was, by contrast, vigorous to the point of violence. In 1866 he evolved a style in which paint was applied in thick dabs with a palette knife; this combined a handling (a technical term in painting meaning the individual’s manipulation of materials in the execution of a work; it has been likened to a person’s signature in handwriting) derived f...
  • handling, materials
    the movement of raw goods from their native site to the point of use in manufacturing, their subsequent manipulation in production processes, and the transfer of finished products from factories and their distribution to users or sales outlets....
  • Handling Sin (work by Mannyng)
    early English poet and author of Handlyng Synne, a confessional manual, and of the chronicle Story of England. The works are preserved independently in several manuscripts, none of certain provenance....
  • “Handlyng Synne” (work by Mannyng)
    early English poet and author of Handlyng Synne, a confessional manual, and of the chronicle Story of England. The works are preserved independently in several manuscripts, none of certain provenance....
  • Handmaid’s Tale, The (work by Atwood)
    ...“femininity” is a weird condition forced on one by oppressors. Even Russ’s feminist classic paled by comparison to Margaret Atwood’s evocative dystopian misogyny in The Handmaid’s Tale (1985). Drawn from dark contemporary trends, the bitter world of The Handmaid’s Tale is ruled by a repressive American r...
  • handoff (communications)
    ...the course of a call, a central controller automatically reroutes the call from the old cell to the new cell without a noticeable interruption in the signal reception. This process is known as handoff. The central controller, or mobile telephone switching office (MTSO), thus acts as an intelligent central office switch that keeps track of the movement of the mobile subscriber.As demand for......
  • hands, imposition of (Judaism and Christianity)
    ritual act in which a priest or other religious functionary places one or both hands palms down on the top of another person’s head, usually while saying a prayer or blessing. The imposition of hands was first practiced in Judaism and was adopted by Christianity. In the Hebrew Bible it is associated with three interrelated ideas: consecration (i.e.,...
  • hands, laying on of (Judaism and Christianity)
    ritual act in which a priest or other religious functionary places one or both hands palms down on the top of another person’s head, usually while saying a prayer or blessing. The imposition of hands was first practiced in Judaism and was adopted by Christianity. In the Hebrew Bible it is associated with three interrelated ideas: consecration (i.e.,...
  • Hands of the Cause of God (Bahāʾī faith)
    There also exist in the Bahāʾī faith appointive institutions, such as the Hands of the Cause of God and the continental counselors. The members of the Hands of the Cause of God were appointed by Bahāʾ Ullāh and Shoghi Effendi. The continental counselors are appointed by the Universal House of Justice. The primary functions of both groups are to propagate.....
  • handsaw (tool)
    The familiar modern handsaw, with its thin but wide steel blade, cuts on the push stroke; this permits downhand sawing on wood laid across the knee or on a stool, and the sawing pressure helps to hold the wood still. Operator control is superior, and, because the line being sawed is not obscured by the fuzz of undetached wood fibres or sawdust, greater accuracy is possible. Some tree-pruning......
  • handsome fungus beetle (insect)
    ...beetles) are short, flattened, and have slightly shortened elytra. Coccinellidae (ladybugs, ladybird beetles) are rounded, with a smooth, raised upper surface and a flat underside. The Endomychidae (handsome fungus beetles) often have enlarged, rounded elytra. The Erotylidae (pleasing fungus beetles) are usually slender, smooth, and shiny, as are the Languriidae....
  • Handsome Lake (Seneca chief)
    Seneca Indian chief who developed a new religion for the Iroquois (see Handsome Lake cult). The cult was so successful that in the 20th century several thousand Indians still adhered to it....
  • Handsome Lake cult (religion)
    longest-established prophet movement in North America. Its founder was Ganioda’yo, a Seneca chief whose name meant “Handsome Lake”; his heavenly revelations received in trance in 1799 rapidly transformed both himself and the demoralized Seneca. Their Christian beliefs, which came primarily from Quaker contacts, included a personal creator-...
  • Handwriting (work by Ondaatje)
    ...(1981)—both important examples, along with Bowering’s Kerrisdale Elegies (1984), of the serial long poem, another variation on the documentary mode. In Handwriting (1998) Ondaatje returned to his birthplace, Sri Lanka. Fascination with place and history also permeates Al Purdy’s poems about the country north of Belleville, Ont., and...
  • handwriting
    During the 2nd millennium bce, various Semitic peoples at the eastern end of the Mediterranean were experimenting with alphabetic writing. Between 1500 and 1000 bce, alphabetic signs found in scattered sites showed a correspondence of form and provided material for sound translations. Bodies of writing from this period are fragmented: a few signs scratched on sherds or ...
  • Handy, W. C. (American composer)
    black American composer who changed the course of popular music by integrating the blues idiom into the then-fashionable ragtime. Among his best-known works is the classic “St. Louis Blues.”...
  • Handy, William Christopher (American composer)
    black American composer who changed the course of popular music by integrating the blues idiom into the then-fashionable ragtime. Among his best-known works is the classic “St. Louis Blues.”...
  • Han’en (Japanese Buddhist philosopher)
    Buddhist teacher recognized as the founder of the Jōdo Shinshū (True Pure Land School), which advocates that faith, recitation of the name of the buddha Amida (Amitabha), and birth in the paradise of the Pure Land. For centuries Jōdo Shinshū has been one of the largest schools of Buddhism in Japan. During his life...
  • Hanert Electrical Orchestra (musical instrument)
    ...developed during the 1940s and ’50s. Unlike commercial keyboard-controlled organs and related instruments, the score-reading instruments were large, experimentally oriented devices. One example, the Hanert Electrical Orchestra, built in 1944–45 by John Hanert at the Hammond Instrument Co. in Chicago, consisted of a roomful of electronic tone-generating equipment controlled by an e...
  • Hanert, John (American inventor)
    ...keyboard-controlled organs and related instruments, the score-reading instruments were large, experimentally oriented devices. One example, the Hanert Electrical Orchestra, built in 1944–45 by John Hanert at the Hammond Instrument Co. in Chicago, consisted of a roomful of electronic tone-generating equipment controlled by an elaborate, motor-driven scanner. The scanner, which was mounted...
  • Hanf, William (American logician)
    ...logics may include functions or relations with infinitely many arguments, infinitely long conjunctions and disjunctions, or infinite strings of quantifiers. From studies on infinitary logics, William Hanf, an American logician, was able to define certain cardinals, some of which have been studied in connection with the large cardinals in set theory. In yet another direction, logicians are......
  • Hanfeizi (Chinese philosopher)
    the greatest of China’s Legalist philosophers. His essays on autocratic government so impressed King Zheng of Qin that the future emperor adopted their principles after seizing power in 221 bc. The book that goes by Han Fei’s name comprises a synthesis of legal theories up to his time....
  • Hanford Engineer Works (reactor, Washington, United States)
    ...a medium-size reactor at Oak Ridge. The large-scale production reactors were built on an isolated 1,000-square-mile (2,600-square-km) tract on the Columbia River north of Pasco, Washington—the Hanford Engineer Works....
  • Hang (China)
    city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. It has water communications with the interior of Zhejiang to the south, is the southern terminus of the Grand Canal, and is linked to ...
  • hang glider (aircraft)
    Unpowered manned heavier-than-air vehicles must be launched to obtain lift. These include hang gliders, gliders, and sailplanes....
  • hang gliding (sport)
    sport of flying in lightweight unpowered aircraft which can be carried by the pilot. Takeoff is usually achieved by launching into the air from a cliff or hill. Hang gliders were developed by the pioneers of practical flight. In Germany, starting in 1891, Otto Lilienthal made several thousand flights before a fatal gliding accident in 1896. He published plans ...
  • Hang-chou (China)
    city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. It has water communications with the interior of Zhejiang to the south, is the southern terminus of the Grand Canal, and is linked to ...
  • Hang-chou Bay (bay, China)
    ...is renowned for its scenic beauty. The name of the province derives from its principal river, the Che (“Crooked”) River, formally known as the Ch’ien-t’ang River at the estuary of Hang-chou Bay, and known as Fu-ch’un River inland. Chekiang is among the leading Chinese provinces in farm productivity and leads in the tea and fishing industries....
  • Hanga, Abdulla Kassim, Sheikh (prime minister of Zanzibar)
    ...massacred in riots, and thousands more fled the island. Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume, leader of the Afro-Shirazi Party, was installed as president of the People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. Sheikh Abdulla Kassim Hanga was appointed prime minister, and Abdul Raḥman Mohammed (“Babu”), leader of the new left-wing Umma (The Masses) Party (formed by defectors from the Z...
  • Hanga Roa (Easter Island)
    ...the Dutch, named it Paaseiland (“Easter Island”) in memory of their own day of arrival. Its mixed population is predominantly of Polynesian descent; almost all live in the village of Hanga Roa on the sheltered west coast. Pop. (2002) 3,304....
  • hangar (airport)
    ...hinged at each end) and three-hinge (made of two members hinged at each end and at the meeting point at the crown) trussed arches were widely used, the largest examples being two great airship hangars for the U.S. Navy in New Jersey—the first built in 1922 with a span of 79 metres (262 feet), the second in 1942 with a span of 100 metres (328 feet). The flat truss was used also,......
  • Hangawi (Korean holiday)
    Korean holiday celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month to commemorate the fall harvest and to honour one’s ancestors. Similar to Thanksgiving Day in the United States, the Harvest Moon Festival, as it is also known, is one of the most popular holidays in Korea. The day begins with a ceremony in which food and wine are offered to ancestors. Thi...
  • Hangayn Mountains (mountains, Mongolia)
    range in central Mongolia. It extends northwest-southeast for about 500 miles (805 km), parallels the Mongolian Altai Mountains (south), and rises to a height of 12,812 feet (3,905 m) in Otgon Tenger Peak. Most of its northern drainage flows into the Selenge River, which, with its chief tributary, the Orhon, drains into Lake Baikal in Siberia. The rivers of the steeper southern slopes end in salt ...
  • Hangayn Nuruu (mountains, Mongolia)
    range in central Mongolia. It extends northwest-southeast for about 500 miles (805 km), parallels the Mongolian Altai Mountains (south), and rises to a height of 12,812 feet (3,905 m) in Otgon Tenger Peak. Most of its northern drainage flows into the Selenge River, which, with its chief tributary, the Orhon, drains into Lake Baikal in Siberia. The rivers of the steeper southern slopes end in salt ...
  • Hangchow (China)
    city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. It has water communications with the interior of Zhejiang to the south, is the southern terminus of the Grand Canal, and is linked to ...
  • Hangenberg Event (paleontology)
    ...and manticoceratid goniatite groups, many conodont species, most colonial corals, several groups of trilobites, and the atrypid and pentamerid brachiopods at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary; and the Hangenberg Event saw the extinction of phacopid trilobites, several groups of goniatites, and the unusual late Devonian coiled cephalopods, the clymeniids, at the end of the Famennian Stage....
  • hangi (food)
    ...imaginative and cosmopolitan fare, and the number of restaurants, bistros, and cafés in the major cities has skyrocketed in recent years. A traditional Maori meal is hangi, a feast of meat, seafood, and vegetables steamed for hours in an earthen oven (umu)....
  • hanging
    execution by strangling or breaking the neck by a suspended noose. The traditional method, still in use on the continent of Europe, involves suspending the victim from a gallows or crossbeam until he has died of asphyxiation. Elsewhere, the condemned person stands on a trapdoor, and when the trap is released he falls several feet until stopped by the rope tied around his neck. The jerk breaks the...
  • Hanging, A (work by Orwell)
    ...he was to recount his experiences and his reactions to imperial rule in his novel Burmese Days and in two brilliant autobiographical sketches, “Shooting an Elephant” and “A Hanging,” classics of expository prose....
  • hanging buttress (architecture)
    Other types of buttresses include pier or tower buttresses, simple masonry piles attached to a wall at regular intervals; hanging buttresses, freestanding piers connected to a wall by corbels; and various types of corner buttresses—diagonal, angle, clasping, and setback—that support intersecting walls....
  • hanging dam (ice formation)
    ...larger, deeper rivers, frazil produced in upstream reaches may be carried downstream and be transported beneath the fixed ice cover, where it may deposit and form large accumulations that are called hanging dams. Such deposits may be of great depth and may actually block large portions of the river’s flow. In smaller, shallower streams, similar ice formations may be combinations of shore...
  • hanging fern family (plant family)
    the hanging fern family, containing 4–5 genera and 65 species, in the division Pteridophyta (the lower vascular plants). The family is mostly restricted to tropical regions, especially in the Old World. Most of the species are epiphytes with long-creeping noticeably and densely scaly rhizomes. Leaf morphology is var...
  • Hanging Gardens of Babylon (ancient garden, Babylon, Mesopotamia)
    gardens considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World and thought to be located near the royal palace in Babylon. By the beginning of the 21st century, the site of the Hanging Gardens had not yet been conclusively established; nevertheless, many theories persisted regarding the structure and location of the gardens. Some researchers proposed that these were rooftop gardens. ...
  • hanging geranium (plant)
    ...or bedding geraniums (P. × hortorum, a complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) are the familiar forms in garden culture and in pots indoors. Ivy, or hanging, geraniums (P. peltatum) are grown as basket plants indoors and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found i...
  • hanging moss (lichen)
    ...cough, catarrh, epilepsy, and dropsy. It has been used also as an astringent, a tonic, and a diuretic. Old-man’s-beard (U. barbata) was first described in 300 bc as a hair-growth stimulant. Hanging moss (U. longissima) looks like gray threads about 1.5 m (5 feet) long hanging from tree branches in humid, mountainous regions. Some species of Usnea also p...
  • hanging parakeet (bird)
    ...(family Psittacidae) and has influenced another parrot name, lorikeet (see parrot). To indicate size only, the name is sometimes extended to little parrots with short, blunt tails, as the hanging parrots, or bat parrotlets, Loriculus species, popular cage birds in their native area, India to Malaya and the Philippines....
  • hanging parrot (bird)
    ...(family Psittacidae) and has influenced another parrot name, lorikeet (see parrot). To indicate size only, the name is sometimes extended to little parrots with short, blunt tails, as the hanging parrots, or bat parrotlets, Loriculus species, popular cage birds in their native area, India to Malaya and the Philippines....
  • hanging valley (geological feature)
    ...ice is the dominant factor in the deepening process, smaller tributary glaciers erode their troughs less rapidly than the main glacier does. When the glaciers melt, the tributary troughs are left as hanging valleys high on the walls of the main glacial valley. Postglacial streams may form waterfalls from the mouths of the hanging valleys, a well-known example being Yosemite Falls, California....
  • hanging wall (geology)
    ...glacial valleys are occupied by one or several cirques (or corries). A cirque is an amphitheatre-shaped hollow with the open end facing down-valley. The back is formed by an arcuate cliff called the headwall. In an ideal cirque, the headwall is semicircular in plan view. This situation, however, is generally found only in cirques cut into flat plateaus. More common are headwalls angular in map....
  • Hangman, The (German Nazi official)
    Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmler’s chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. He played a key role in organizing the Holocaust during the opening years of World War II....
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