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Johore (state, Malaysia)
state of Malaysia, southernmost state of Peninsular (West) Malaysia. Its 250-mile (400-km) coastline along the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea also winds around the Republic of Singapore’s northern border and is dotted with small islands. Johor is generally flat and jungle covered, with large swamps, but rises in the east-central region to peaks of over 3,000 feet (900 metres)....
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Johore Baharu (Malaysia)
city, southern West Malaysia. It lies at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula and is separated from Singapore Island by the Johor Strait. At this point, a short rail and road causeway (0.75 mile [1.2 km]) crosses the strait to link the mainland with Singapore. Founded by Temenggong Ibrahim, the ruler of Johore, it was called Tanjung Putri until renamed Johore Bahru (“N...
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Johore Strait (strait, Asia)
northern arm of the Singapore Strait, 30 mi (50 km) long and 34–3 mi wide, between the Republic of Singapore and the region of Johor at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It is crossed by a rail and road causeway linking Johor Baharu, Malaysia, with Woodlands, Singapore. The strait was the scene of fighting in February 1942 during the Japanese drive ...
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Joiachin (king of Judah)
in the Old Testament (II Kings 24), son of King Jehoiakim and king of Judah. He came to the throne at the age of 18 in the midst of the Chaldean invasion of Judah and reigned three months. He was forced to surrender to Nebuchadrezzar II and was taken to Babylon (597 bc), along with 10,000 of his subjects. Nearly 40 years later Nebuchadrezzar died, and his successor released Jehoiachi...
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JOIDES
One geophysics research program, known as JOIDES (Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling), operates Resolution, a deep-sea drilling vessel that represents a major advance in research ships. It is equipped with a computer-controlled dynamic positioning system, which allows it to remain fixed over a specific site while drilling to depths as great as 8,300 m (27,200 feet).......
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JOIDES Resolution (ship)
...of oil) but also supporting the theory of plate tectonics by providing evidence of continental drift and seafloor renewal. In 1985 the work of the Glomar Challenger was continued by the JOIDES Resolution, a larger and more advanced drilling ship of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling....
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Joie de Vivre, La (painting by Picasso)
...(with whom he was to have two children, Claude in 1947 and Paloma in 1949). First they moved to Antibes, where Picasso spent four months painting at the Château Grimaldi (Joie de Vivre, 1946). The paintings of this time and the ceramics he decorated at the studio in nearby Vallauris, beginning in 1947, vividly express Picasso’s sense of identification ...
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join (physics)
The most obvious differences between the high- and low-temperature diagrams are along the alkali-feldspar (Or-Ab) join (the boundary line between the phases). As indicated, sanidine and anorthoclase are high-temperature alkali feldspars, and perthite is their low-temperature analogue. Sanidine is a single-phase alkali feldspar; although frequently described chemically by the formula (K,......
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join operator (computing)
...it is simply called a tuple. The relational approach also supports queries (requests for information) that involve several tables by providing automatic linkage across tables by means of a “join” operation that combines records with identical values of common attributes. Payroll data, for example, could be stored in one table and personnel benefits data in another; complete......
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joinder (law)
in law, processes whereby additional parties or additional claims are brought into suits because addressing them is necessary or desirable for the successful adjudication of the issues....
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joined chair (furniture)
chair, usually made of oak, and named for the fine grade of oak usually used for wainscot paneling. Like many terms used in reference to furniture, it has a general and a particular meaning. The general sense is any heavy wooden chair of fairly simple construction. The more specific reference is to a wooden chair with turned (shaped on a lathe) front legs, square-sectioned back legs, arm supports,...
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Joiner, C. M. (American businessman)
...products, and an automobile plant and a branch bank of the Federal Reserve System were established there. Mexican immigrants contributed to the population growth. In 1930 C.M. (“Dad”) Joiner discovered the great East Texas oil field, which attracted investment and made the city a major centre of the petroleum industry. Dallas’s Central Centennial Exposition (1936), the stat...
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joining (technology)
Another further alteration may be “joining,” the process of permanently, sometimes only temporarily, bonding or attaching materials to each other. The term as used here includes welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive and chemical bonding. In most joining processes, a bond between two pieces of material is produced by application of one or a combination of three kinds of energy:......
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joint (carpentry)
in carpentry, junction of two or more members of a framed structure. Joinery, or the making of wooden joints, is one of the principal functions of the carpenter and cabinetmaker. Wood, being a natural material, is not uniform in quality, and moisture, present in the tree during growth, is uneven in cut wood. Wood used for building is subject to movement cause...
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joint (robotics)
The mechanical manipulator of an industrial robot is made up of a sequence of link and joint combinations. The links are the rigid members connecting the joints. The joints (also called axes) are the movable components of the robot that cause relative motion between adjacent links. As shown in Figure 3, there are five principal types of mechanical joints used to construct the manipulator. Two......
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joint (geology)
in geology, a brittle-fracture surface in rocks along which little or no displacement has occurred. Present in nearly all surface rocks, joints extend in various directions, generally more toward the vertical than to the horizontal. Joints may have smooth, clean surfaces, or they may be scarred by slickensides, or striations. Jointing does not extend to a very great depth in the Earth’s cr...
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joint (skeleton)
in anatomy, a structure that separates two or more adjacent elements of the skeletal system. Depending on the type of joint, such separated elements may or may not move on one another. This article discusses the joints of the human body—particularly their structure but also their ligaments, nerve and blood supply, and nutrition. Although the discussion focuses on human jo...
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Joint African and Malagasy Organization (international organization)
...first president. He maintained economic cooperation with France. Togo became a member of the Organization of African Unity (OAU, now the African Union) in 1963 and in 1965 subscribed to the renewed Joint African and Malagasy Organization, which provided for economic, political, and social cooperation among French-speaking African states....
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Joint Chiefs of Staff Organization, U.S. (United States government)
...chief of staff of the army (1948–49). He was well liked by both officers and enlisted men, and, after the unification of the armed forces, he was chosen in 1949 to be the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. While at that post he was promoted (1950) to general of the army....
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Joint Commission, The (American organization)
...chief of staff of the army (1948–49). He was well liked by both officers and enlisted men, and, after the unification of the armed forces, he was chosen in 1949 to be the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. While at that post he was promoted (1950) to general of the army.......
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Joint Committee of Fifteen (American political group)
...the Radicals at first welcomed Andrew Johnson as president. But Johnson quickly indicated his intention to pursue Lincoln’s lenient Reconstruction policies. The Radicals turned on him, formed the Joint Committee of Fifteen to assure congressional rather than presidential control of Reconstruction, and passed a number of measures for the protection of Southern blacks over Johnson’s...
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Joint Development Zone (area, Africa)
...who purchased exploration concessions. In 2001 São Tomé and Príncipe and Nigeria reached an agreement to oversee the exploration and development of potential oil fields in the Joint Development Zone (JDZ), an area of overlapping maritime boundaries about 125 miles (200 km) from the Nigerian coast. The agreement was renegotiated in 2003, after which oil companies began......
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joint disease
any of the diseases or injuries that affect human joints. Arthritis is no doubt the best-known joint disease, but there are also many others. Diseases of the joints may be variously short-lived or exceedingly chronic, agonizingly painful or merely nagging and uncomfortable; they may be confined to one joint or may affect many parts of the skeleton. For the pur...
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joint distribution (probability)
...P{X = xi, Y = yj} is called the joint distribution of X and Y. Since {X = xi} = ∪j{X = xi,......
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Joint Distribution Committee (Jewish relief organization)
During World War I Magnes was a pacifist and, in addition, drifted away from Zionism, whose leaders supported the Allied war effort. He joined the Joint Distribution Committee, which, unlike the Zionists, emphasized relief to Jews in Palestine rather than political activism there....
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Joint European Torus (nuclear physics facility)
...of which is a circular field parallel to the axis of the plasma. In addition, a number of turbulent plasma processes must be controlled to keep the system stable. In 1991 a machine called the JET (Joint European Torus) was able to generate 1.7 million watts of fusion power for almost 2 seconds after researchers injected titrium into the JET’s magnetically confined plasma. It was the firs...
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joint family (kinship group)
family in which members of a unilineal descent group (a group in which descent through either the female or the male line is emphasized) live together with their spouses and offspring in one homestead and under the authority of one of the members. The joint family is an extension of the nuclear family (parents and dependent children), and it typically grows when children of one sex do not leave t...
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Joint Industrial Council (labour relations)
in Great Britain, any of the bodies made up of representatives of labour and management for the promotion of better industrial relations. An original series of councils, named for J.H. Whitley, chairman of the investigatory committee (1916–19) who recommended their formation, were first instituted as a means of remedying industrial unrest. Many of them later developed into wage negotiating ...
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Joint Industrial Labour Council (Netherlands government)
...of Christian Trade Unions (Christelijk Nationaal Vakverbond; CNV), and a few small independent organizations far behind in membership. Employer organizations and labour unions are represented on the Joint Industrial Labour Council, established in 1945 for collective bargaining, and on the Social and Economic Council, which serves mainly to advise the government. These corporatist arrangements.....
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (laboratory, Dubna, Russia)
In 1976 Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, U.S.S.R., announced that they had synthesized element 107, later given the official name bohrium, by bombarding a target of bismuth-209 with ions of chromium-54. The resultant collisions were reported to have produced an isotope of the element with a mass number of 261 and a half-life of 1–2......
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Joint Intelligence Committee (British intelligence agency)
MI6 is supervised by the Joint Intelligence Committee, a cabinet subcommittee under the permanent undersecretary of the foreign office. The Joint Intelligence Committee, which oversees all British intelligence agencies, controls intelligence policy and approves “national estimates” similar to those carried out by the U.S. National Intelligence Council. The British cabinet and......
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Joint Naval Commission (Europe-Vanuatu)
...and planters in the group. To protect the interests of the mainly British missionaries and mainly French planters, the British and French governments established rudimentary political control with a Joint Naval Commission in 1887....
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Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling
One geophysics research program, known as JOIDES (Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling), operates Resolution, a deep-sea drilling vessel that represents a major advance in research ships. It is equipped with a computer-controlled dynamic positioning system, which allows it to remain fixed over a specific site while drilling to depths as great as 8,300 m (27,200 feet).......
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joint operation (military)
...maneuvering against each other like navies at sea, were seldom, if ever, realized. Even in North Africa, with its absolutely open terrain, victory usually went to the side that better knew how to combine armour with other arms such as artillery, antitank artillery, infantry, and, paradoxically, the very engineers whose efforts armour had originally been designed to overcome. From at least......
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Joint Operations Plan for Operation Overlord (World War II)
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Joint Photographic Experts Group (technology)
...for display over the Internet, is GIF (graphics interchange format), which is also lossless except that its images are limited to 256 colours. A greater range of colours can be used with the JPEG (joint photographic experts group) formatting standard, which uses both lossless and lossy techniques, as do various standards of MPEG (moving picture expert group) for videos....
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joint pine (plant)
...family in the order Gnetales of the division Gnetophyta. Ephedra contains 65 species, among them the Asiatic plants known as ma huang, sources of the decongestant drug ephedrine. The joint pine of the eastern Mediterranean region is Ephedra fragilis. The North American species include the plants joint fir and Mormon tea bush, sources of food and medicinals. The leaves,......
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Joint Racing Board (horse racing)
...the sport generally. Its Turf Board, consisting of nine Jockey Club stewards, coordinates long-term policy as opposed to day-to-day operation. Overall control of the sport is in the hands of the Joint Racing Board, composed of members of the Jockey Club and members of the Horserace Betting Levy Board appointed by the government. The club also publishes the Racing Calendar and......
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Joint Rules Committee (American sports organization)
...a different set for each half of a game. To establish some measure of uniformity, the colleges, Amateur Athletic Union, and YMCA formed the Joint Rules Committee in 1915. This group was renamed the National Basketball Committee (NBC) of the United States and Canada in 1936 and until 1979 served as the game’s sole amateur rule-making body. In that year, however, the colleges broke away to...
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Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups (Indonesian political organization)
Indonesian social and political organization that has evolved into a political party since it was founded as the Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya (Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups) by a group of army officers in 1964....
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joint stool (furniture)
...into medieval use, the stool remained the common seating form. Late medieval stools, which resembled small benches, were called board, or slab-ended, stools; they were made obsolete by the standard joint stool, which was produced, in the 17th century, in upholstered sets with chairs and footstools....
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Joint Synod of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, and Nebraska (church, United States)
conservative Lutheran church in the United States, formed in 1892 as a federation of three conservative synods of German background and then known as the General Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan and Other States. The Wisconsin Synod had been organized in 1850, and the Minnesota and Michigan synods in 1860. In 1904 the Nebraska Synod joined the federation, which then be...
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joint tenancy (law)
...him to retain for himself not only the income and enjoyment during his lifetime but also the power of management, disposition, and revocation. Through such devices as revocable inter vivos trusts, joint tenancies, or “tentative trusts” of bank accounts (so-called Totten trusts), one can achieve the practical effects of a will without probate and without administration. One can als...
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joint-stock company (business)
a forerunner of the modern corporation that was organized for undertakings requiring large amounts of capital; money was raised by selling shares to investors, who became partners in the venture. One of the earliest joint-stock companies was the Virginia Company, founded in 1606 to colonize North America. By law, individual shareholders were not responsible for actions undertake...
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jointed charlock (weed)
(species Raphanus raphanistrum), widespread annual weed of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and naturalized in North America. It is believed by some authorities to be the ancestor of the domestic radish (R. sativus). Wild radish has a stout taproot, a rosette of unequally divided leaves and very bristly flowering stalks 60 cm (2 feet) tall. The...
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jointing plane (tool)
...This fore plane had a slightly convex iron that removed saw and adz marks but left hollows that needed to be leveled by straight-iron planing. If the workpiece was long, a long-bodied trying, or jointing, plane, having a length of about 30 inches, was needed to remove large curves in the wood. Short planes—a common length was about nine inches—were called smoothing planes for the....
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Joinvile (Brazil)
city, northeastern Santa Catarina estado (state), southern Brazil, on the Rio Cachoeira adjacent to Boa Vista, near the end of Baía (bay) de São Francisco, at 20 feet (6 metres) above sea level. Established as a city in 1887 from the former colony of Dona Francisca, Joinville has become a modern industrial city and is the ...
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Joinville (France)
...(sometimes featuring a different cast for each version) at the time of production in order to receive wide international distribution. Paramount therefore built a huge studio in the Paris suburb of Joinville in 1930 to mass-produce multilingual films. The other major American studios quickly followed suit, making the region a factory for the round-the-clock production of movies in as many as 15...
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Joinville (Brazil)
city, northeastern Santa Catarina estado (state), southern Brazil, on the Rio Cachoeira adjacent to Boa Vista, near the end of Baía (bay) de São Francisco, at 20 feet (6 metres) above sea level. Established as a city in 1887 from the former colony of Dona Francisca, Joinville has become a modern industrial city and is the ...
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Joinville, François-Ferdinand-Philippe-Louis-Marie d’Orléans, prince de (French naval officer)
naval officer and writer on military topics who was prominent in the modernization of the French Navy....
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Joinville, Jean, sire de (French author)
author of the famous Histoire de Saint-Louis, a chronicle in French prose, providing a supreme account of the Seventh Crusade (1248–54)....
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Joinvilleaceae (plant family)
...to the same environmental conditions. The closest extant relatives of grasses probably belong to a group of small families centred around the southern Pacific Ocean. One family in particular, the Joinvilleaceae, resembles grasses in some anatomical features of the leaves and embryos. Its flowers, however, have a well-developed perianth, and it lacks the other distinctive, easily recognizable......
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joist (architecture)
ceiling or floor support in building construction. Joists—of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete—are laid in a parallel series across or abutting girders or a bearing wall, to which they are attached, usually by metal supports called joist hangers, or anchors....
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Jōjitsu (Buddhism)
minor school of Buddhist philosophy introduced into Japan from China during the Nara period (710–784). The school holds that neither the self nor the elements that make up the mental and material world have any permanent, changeless reality and that they therefore cannot be said to have any real existence....
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Jōjitsu-ron (Buddhist treatise)
(Sanskrit: True Attainment Treatise), treatise in 202 chapters on the doctrine of the void (śūnya). The work stands as a philosophical bridge between Hīnayāna, or Theravāda, Buddhism, the form predominant in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Southeast Asia, and Mahāyāna Buddhism, the tradition predominant in East Asia. The author, Harivarman, a central ...
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jojoba (plant)
(Simmondsia chinensis), leathery-leaved shrub in the box family (Buxaceae), native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, the capsules of which yield jojoba oil. The stiff-branched plant, which grows to a height of up to 2 m (7 feet), is cultivated as hedge material, substituted for boxwood in arid areas. It is also grown in limited but expanding commercial quantities in so...
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Jok (African deity)
...and that must be ritually liberated from the corpse. There was also a belief in a shadow self, or immaterial soul (tipo), that after death eventually was merged into a vague entity called Jok, their god or supreme force. Ancestors, of whom Jok was held the universal sublimation, were worshiped along with Jok at shrines and sacred trees by prayer and sacrifice....
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jōka-machi (Japanese history)
...temples and feudal lords began to build towns by gathering merchants and craftsmen close to their headquarters. The power of the feudal lords stabilized when they built jōka-machi (castle towns), which were located so as to command and control the main transportation routes and surrounding areas; the majority of Japan’s important cities, in...
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Jókai, Mór (Hungarian author)
most important Hungarian novelist of the 19th century. Jókai’s collected works (published 1894–98), which did not include his considerable journalistic writing, filled 100 volumes. Early works such as Hétköznapok (1845; “Weekdays”) show the influence of French Romanticism, but his mature novels are more concerned with reality and personal exp...
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joke
...that has puzzled philosophers since Plato. There is no clear-cut, predictable response that would tell a lecturer whether he has succeeded in convincing his listeners; but, when he is telling a joke, laughter serves as an experimental test. Humour is the only form of communication in which a stimulus on a high level of complexity produces a stereotyped, predictable response on the......
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Joke, The (novel by Kundera)
...play, Majitelé klíčů (1962; “The Owners of the Keys”), were followed by his first novel and one of his greatest works, Žert (1967; The Joke), a comic, ironic view of the private lives and destinies of various Czechs during the years of Stalinism; translated into several languages, it achieved great international acclaim. His....
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joker (playing card)
...Alsatian game called juckerspiel from the fact that its two top trumps are Jucker, meaning “jack.” This word may also have influenced the choice of the term joker for the extra card introduced into American euchre in the 1860s to act as the “best bower,” or topmost trump; bower is from German ......
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Joker Is Wild, The (film by Vidor [1957])
...Hildyard for The Bridge on the River KwaiArt Direction: Ted Haworth for SayonaraScoring: Malcolm Arnold for The Bridge on the River KwaiSong: “All the Way” from The Joker Is Wild; music by James Van Heusen, lyrics by Sammy CahnHonorary Award: Gilbert M. Anderson, Charles Brackett, B.B. Kahane, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers......
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Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious (work by Freud)
In 1905 Freud extended the scope of this analysis by examining Der Witz und seine Beziehung zum Unbewussten (Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious). Invoking the idea of “joke-work” as a process comparable to dreamwork, he also acknowledged the double-sided quality of jokes, at once consciously contrived and unconsciously revealing. Seemingly innocent phenomena......
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Jokha, Tell (ancient city-state, Mesopotamia)
...around Anatolia, arriving in Sumer about 3300 bc. By the 3rd millennium bc the country was the site of at least 12 separate city-states: Kish, Erech, Ur, Sippar, Akshak, Larak, Nippur, Adab, Umma, Lagash, Bad-tibira, and Larsa. Each of these states comprised a walled city and its surrounding villages and land, and each worshiped its own deity, whose temple was the ce...
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Jokhang Temple (temple, Lhasa, Tibet, China)
...by lama historians with introducing Buddhism into Tibet. To house the famous image of the Gautama Buddha brought to Tibet by his Nepalese bride, he built in Lhasa, the capital, the Tsuglagkhang, or Gtsug-lag-khang (Jokhang), Temple, which remains Tibetan Buddhism’s most sacred place. ...
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Jokin (Japanese painter)
Japanese painter of the mid-Tokugawa period (1603–1867) who excelled in drawing flowers, fish, and birds, especially fowl, which he used to keep at his home in order to observe them closely....
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joking relationship (sociology)
relationship between two individuals or groups that allows or requires unusually free verbal or physical interaction. The relationship may be mutual (symmetrical) or formalized in such a way that one person or group does the teasing and the other is not allowed to retaliate (asymmetrical). The type of interaction varies and may include light teasing, chastisement, verbal abuse, sexual ribaldry, or...
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Jokjakarta (Indonesia)
kotamadya (municipality) and capital, Yogyakarta daerah istimewa (special district), Java, Indonesia. It lies 18 miles (29 km) inland from the southern Java coast and near Mount Merapi (9,551 feet [2,911 m])....
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jökulhlaup
Glacier outburst floods, or jökulhlaups, can be spectacular or even catastrophic. These happen when drainage within a glacier is blocked by internal plastic flow and water is stored in or behind the glacier. The water eventually finds a narrow path to trickle out. This movement will cause the path to be enlarged by melting, causing faster flow, more melting, a larger conduit, and so....
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Jökulsá á Fjöllum (river, Iceland)
river, northeastern Iceland, fed by the northern meltwaters of the Vatna Glacier in east-central Iceland; it flows northward for 128 miles (206 km) to Axar Fjord, an arm of the Greenland Sea. The river skirts the eastern margins of Ódádhahraun, an extensive lava field, and then tumbles over a series of falls, the largest of which (Dettifoss, 144...
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Jokyakarta (Indonesia)
kotamadya (municipality) and capital, Yogyakarta daerah istimewa (special district), Java, Indonesia. It lies 18 miles (29 km) inland from the southern Java coast and near Mount Merapi (9,551 feet [2,911 m])....
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Jōkyū Disturbance (Japanese history)
...than a month later the uprising was over. Go-Toba and his two sons were exiled, and the Hōjō family solidified their military and economic hold on the court. The incident is known as the Jōkyū Disturbance (Jōkyū no ran), from the name of the period between 1219 and 1221 in which the incident occurred....
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Jōkyū no ran (Japanese history)
...than a month later the uprising was over. Go-Toba and his two sons were exiled, and the Hōjō family solidified their military and economic hold on the court. The incident is known as the Jōkyū Disturbance (Jōkyū no ran), from the name of the period between 1219 and 1221 in which the incident occurred....
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Jol, Al- (region, Saudi Arabia)
...scarps are formed by cuestas (low ridges with steep faces on one side and gentle slopes on the other) of limestone reaching to highlands of the Hadhramaut in the south, where the plateau of Al-Jawl (Jol) is located. The Ṭuwayq Mountains are the most prominent of these cuestas....
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Jola (people)
...along the Niger, the Mossi are in the Volta basin, and a variety of smaller groups, such as the Dogon, Lobi, and Bobo, survive within the great bend of the Niger. Other small groups, such as the Diola (Jola), Landuma, and Baga, are to the southwest. The Hausa are concentrated largely in northern Nigeria, though they are scattered in all the major trade centres of western Africa. The Fulani......
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Jolas, Eugene (American editor)
Raised in Lorraine, France, Jolas worked as a journalist both in America and in France. As he rejected the industrial focus of American society in the 1920s, he also lost faith in newspaper reporting and became more interested in literature. The Jolases met in the United States and moved to Paris after their marriage in 1926. There Jolas sought to provide a forum for international writers with......
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Jolas, Eugene and Maria (American editors)
American founders, with Elliot Paul, of the revolutionary literary quarterly transition....
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Jolas, Maria (American editor)
...both in America and in France. As he rejected the industrial focus of American society in the 1920s, he also lost faith in newspaper reporting and became more interested in literature. The Jolases met in the United States and moved to Paris after their marriage in 1926. There Jolas sought to provide a forum for international writers with the establishment of the periodical......
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Joliba (river, Africa)
principal river of West Africa. With a length of 2,600 miles (4,200 kilometres), it is the third longest river in Africa, after the Nile and the Congo. The Niger is believed to have been named by the Greeks. Along its course it is known by several names. These include the Joliba (a Malinke word meaning “great river”) in its upper course; the Mayo Balleo and the Isa...
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Jolie, Angelina (American actress)
American actress known for her sex appeal and edginess as well as for her humanitarian work. She won an Academy Award for her supporting role as a mental patient in Girl, Interrupted (1999)....
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“Jolie Fille de Perth, La” (opera by Bizet)
...Les Pêcheurs de perles (The Pearl Fishers; first performed 1863) nor La Jolie Fille de Perth (1867; The Fair Maid of Perth) had a libretto capable of eliciting or focusing the latent musical and dramatic powers that Bizet eventually proved to possess. The chief interest of ......
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Joliet (Illinois, United States)
city, seat (1845) of Will county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Des Plaines River, about 40 miles (65 km) southwest of downtown Chicago. Settled in 1833, it was initially named Juliet by James B. Campbell, a settler from Ottawa and an official with the Board of Canal Commissioners, in honour of his daughter. I...
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Joliet, Louis (French-Canadian explorer)
French-Canadian explorer and cartographer who, with Father Jacques Marquette, was the first white man to traverse the Mississippi River from its confluence with the Wisconsin to the mouth of the Arkansas River in Arkansas....
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Joliot, Jean-Frédéric (French chemist)
...and in 1918 became her mother’s assistant at the Institut du Radium of the University of Paris. In 1925 she presented her doctoral thesis on the alpha rays of polonium. In the same year she met Frédéric Joliot in her mother’s laboratory; she was to find in him a mate who shared her interest in science, sports, humanism, and the arts....
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Joliot-Curie, Frédéric (French chemist)
...and in 1918 became her mother’s assistant at the Institut du Radium of the University of Paris. In 1925 she presented her doctoral thesis on the alpha rays of polonium. In the same year she met Frédéric Joliot in her mother’s laboratory; she was to find in him a mate who shared her interest in science, sports, humanism, and the arts....
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Joliot-Curie, Frédéric and Irène (French chemists)
French physical chemists, husband and wife, who were jointly awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their discovery of new radioactive isotopes prepared artificially. They were the son-in-law and daughter of Nobel Prize winners Pierre and Marie Curie....
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Joliot-Curie, Irène (French chemist)
Irène Curie from 1912 to 1914 prepared for her baccalauréat at the Collège Sévigné and in 1918 became her mother’s assistant at the Institut du Radium of the University of Paris. In 1925 she presented her doctoral thesis on the alpha rays of polonium. In the same year she met Frédéric Joliot in her mother’s laboratory; she was t...
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Jolivet, André (French composer)
French composer noted for his sophisticated, expressive experiments with rhythm and new sonorities....
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Jolley, Elizabeth (Australian author)
British-born Australian novelist and short-story writer whose dryly comic work features eccentric characters and examines relationships between women....
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Jolliet, Louis (French-Canadian explorer)
French-Canadian explorer and cartographer who, with Father Jacques Marquette, was the first white man to traverse the Mississippi River from its confluence with the Wisconsin to the mouth of the Arkansas River in Arkansas....
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Jolly balance (measurement device)
device, now largely obsolete, for determining the specific gravity (relative density) of solids and liquids. Invented by the 19th-century German physicist Philipp von Jolly, it consists in its usual form of a long, delicate, helical spring suspended by one end in front of a graduated scale. To the lower end of the spring is attached a weight pan and below that a small wire basket for samples. The...
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Jolly, George (English actor and manager)
actor-manager who, after obscure beginnings, emerged as the leader of the last troupe of English strolling players in a tradition that influenced the German theatre....
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Jolly, Keith (South African archaeologist)
...species include an ancestral springbok, a sabre-toothed tiger, and very large wild pigs, lion, baboon, and buffalo; the horns of the buffalo have a span of 10 to 12 feet (3 to 3.6 m). In 1953 Keith Jolly, an archaeologist working with Singer, discovered fragments of a hominid skull known as Saldanha man (formerly Hopefield man). The skull, which dates from the same period as the fauna, is......
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Jollydora (plant genus)
...genera of the order are Connarus (130 species), Rourea (80 to 90 species), Agelaea (50 species), Cnestis (40 species), and Byrsocarpus (20 species). The genus Jollydora, with six species distributed in West Africa, produces flowers and fruits directly on the wood of the trunk and larger branches, a condition called cauliflory....
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jollying (ceramics)
...porcelains; extrusion in the forming of tiles and sanitary ware (including pipe); and slip casting in the forming of plumbing fixtures and some tableware. In addition to these standard processes, jiggering is employed in the manufacture of tableware. Jiggering involves the mixing of a plastic mass and turning it on a wheel beneath a template to a specified size and shape....
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Jolo (island, Philippines)
island and town, southwestern Philippines. The island, between the Sulu (west) and Celebes (east) seas, is characterized by lush tropical vegetation, many short streams, and several extinct volcanoes, including Mount Tumatangas at 2,664 feet (812 metres). Mount Dajo National Park is a game refuge with an area of 526 acres (213 hectares). Jolo has considerable arable land that supports agriculture ...
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Jolo (Philippines)
...acres (213 hectares). Jolo has considerable arable land that supports agriculture (rice, coconuts, cassava, fruits), but the principal economic activity is fishing. The main population centres are Jolo town, Parang, Patikul, and Talipaw....
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Jolobe, J. J. R. (South African poet)
The earliest exponents of written poetry were Samuel E.K. Mqhayi and J.J.R. Jolobe. While Mqhayi modeled his verse on traditional praise poetry, Jolobe experimented with such European-inspired forms as rhyme and descriptions of nature, thereby laying the foundations of modern Xhosa poetry. Mqhayi’s important novel, Ityala lamawele (1914; “The Lawsuit of the Twins”...
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Jolof kingdom (historical empire, Africa)
...Morocco, and crossed into Spain. The Almoravid attacks on the Soninke empire of Ghana contributed to the empire’s eventual decline. Between 1150 and 1350 the legendary leader Njajan Njay founded the Jolof kingdom, which in the 16th century split into the competing Wolof states of Walo, Kajor, Baol, Sine, and Salum. Islamic influence spread throughout the region in variable strength; it g...
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