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  • kawwanot (Judaism)
    in Judaism, the attitude or frame of mind that is appropriate when one performs religious duties, especially prayer. The 12th-century philosopher Moses Maimonides recommended that to attain kavvanah when praying, a person should mentally place himself in the presence of God and totally divest himself of all worldly concerns. To perform religious duties withou...
  • kawwanoth (Judaism)
    in Judaism, the attitude or frame of mind that is appropriate when one performs religious duties, especially prayer. The 12th-century philosopher Moses Maimonides recommended that to attain kavvanah when praying, a person should mentally place himself in the presence of God and totally divest himself of all worldly concerns. To perform religious duties withou...
  • Kaxgar (China)
    oasis city, western Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, far western China. Kashgar lies at the western end of the Tarim Basin, in a fertile oasis of loess (silt deposited by the wind) and alluvial soils watered by the Kaxgar (Kashgar) River and by a series of wells. The climate of the area is extremely arid, with variable precipitation averaging about 3 inches (75 mm) per year ...
  • Kaxgar River (river, Asia)
    The Tarim is formed by the confluence of the Kaxgar (Kashgar) and Yarkand (Yarkant) rivers in the far west; flowing northeastward from this confluence, the river is then joined some 230 miles (370 km) downstream by the Aksu and the Hotan (Khotan) rivers. Only the Aksu River flows for the entire year. It is the Tarim’s most important......
  • Kay, Alan (American engineer)
    Two computer scientists at PARC, Alan Kay and Adele Goldberg, published a paper in the early 1970s describing a vision of a powerful and portable computer they dubbed the Dynabook. The prototypes of this machine were expensive and resembled sewing machines, but the vision of the two researchers greatly influenced the evolution of products that today are dubbed notebook or......
  • Kay, Connie (American musician)
    ...in jazz forms, and consistently high performance standards sustained over a long career. For most of its existence it was composed of Milt Jackson, vibes; John Lewis, piano; Percy Heath, bass; and Connie Kay, drums....
  • Kay, James Phillips (British educator)
    physician, public-health reformer, and chief founder of the English system of publicly financed elementary education....
  • Kay, John (British physician)
    prominent Humanist and physician whose classic account of the English sweating sickness is considered one of the earliest histories of an epidemic....
  • Kay, John (British engineer and inventor)
    English machinist and engineer, inventor of the flying shuttle, which was an important step toward automatic weaving....
  • Kay, Paul (American linguist)
    ...covers much of the range of the two Russian words goluboy and siny. While the actual colour vocabularies of languages differ, however, recent research by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay has tried to show that “there exist universally for humans eleven basic perceptual color categories” that serve as reference points for the colour words of a language, whatever......
  • Kay, Ulysses (American composer)
    American composer, a prominent representative of the neoclassical school....
  • Kay, Ulysses Simpson (American composer)
    American composer, a prominent representative of the neoclassical school....
  • Kay-Kāʾūs II (Seljuq sultan)
    After the death of Kay-Khusraw II in 1246, the Seljuq realm was divided among his three sons. The eldest, ʿIzz ad-Dīn Kay-Kāʾūs II (ruled 1246–60), assumed the rule in the area west of the Kızıl River with the support of local Byzantine lords and the Turkmen borderland chieftains. Backed by Mongol generals and Iranian bureaucrats, his younger...
  • Kay-Khusraw I (sultan of Rūm)
    ...not only against the Crusaders but also against David Comnenus, a rival Greek emperor in Trebizond to the east on the Black Sea, and against the Seljuq Turks. When the Seljuq sultan of Rūm, Kay-Khusraw, who had given asylum to the emperor Alexius, failed to persuade Theodore to abdicate, he invaded Theodore’s territory in the spring of 1211. Theodore, however, defeated and killed....
  • Kay-Khusraw II (Seljuq sultan)
    ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn Kay-Qubādh was succeeded by his eldest son Ghiyās̄ ad-Dīn Kay-Khusraw II (1237–46), who reached the throne by killing his two half brothers and their Ayyūbid mother along with many military commanders and dignitaries. Although he initially obtained some successes in the southeastern part of his realm by annexing Ami...
  • Kay-Khusraw III (Seljuq sultan)
    ...and took refuge in Crimea, where he died in 1279. His brother Rukn ad-Dīn was executed in Aksaray in 1265 by order of the Parvāna, who enthroned the child Ghiyās̄ ad-Dīn Kay-Khusraw III (1265–84) in his father’s place....
  • Kay-Qubād I (Seljuq ruler)
    ...lord Maurozomes and the frontier Turkmens. Under this ruler and his two sons and successors, ʿIzz ad-Dīn Kāʾūs I (1211–20) and ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn Kay-Qubādh I (1220–37), the Anatolian Seljuqs achieved the zenith of their power. Ghiyās̄ ad-Dīn Kay-Khusraw I reunified the Seljuq state and began to e...
  • Kay-Qubādh II (Seljuq ruler)
    ...chieftains. Backed by Mongol generals and Iranian bureaucrats, his younger brothers Rukn ad-Dīn Qïlïch Arslān IV (1248–65) and ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn Kay-Qubādh II (1249–57) were installed east of the Kızıl. From this point onward the Seljuq sultans were essentially figureheads, while real power remained in the han...
  • Kay-Qubādh III (Seljuq ruler)
    ...assistance to regain control. Mongol interference and Turkmen fractiousness continued to dominate the last decades of Seljuq rule. While it is recorded that ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn Kay-Qubādh III (1298–1303) was put to death by order of Ghazan, the Mongol khan, the fate of his son Ghiyās̄ ad-Dīn Masʿūd III, who assumed the rule i...
  • Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir James, 1st Baronet (British educator)
    physician, public-health reformer, and chief founder of the English system of publicly financed elementary education....
  • kaya (plant)
    an ornamental evergreen timber tree of the yew family (Taxaceae), native to the southern islands of Japan. Although it is the hardiest species of its genus and may be 10 to 25 m (about 35 to 80 feet) tall, it assumes a shrubby form in less temperate areas. Spreading, horizontal, or slightly ascending branches give the tree a compact ovoid or pyramidal head. The bark is smooth and red but on old tr...
  • Kaya (ancient Korean tribal league)
    tribal league that was formed sometime before the 3rd century ad in the area west of the Naktong River in southern Korea. The traditional date for the founding of the confederation is given as ad 42, but this is considered to be highly unreliable. The confederation was sometimes known as Karak after its largest single unit....
  • kayagŭm (musical instrument)
    Korean board zither with 12 silk strings, 12 movable bridges, and a convex upper surface. Fashioned from paulownia wood, it forms a rectangle about 160 cm (62 inches) long and 30 cm (12 inches) wide....
  • Kayah (people)
    ...languages of the Sino-Tibetan family. They are not a unitary group in any ethnic sense, differing linguistically, religiously, and economically. One classification divides them into White Karen and Red Karen. The former consist of two groups, the Sgaw and the Pwo; the Red Karen include the Bre, the Padaung, the Yinbaw, and the Zayein. They occupy areas in southeastern Myanmar on both sides of.....
  • kayak (boat)
    one of the two common types of canoe used for recreation and sport. It originated with the Eskimos of Greenland and was later also used by Alaskan Eskimos. It has a pointed bow and stern and no keel and is covered except for a cockpit in which the paddler or paddlers sit, facing forward and using a double-bladed paddle. The kayak was commonly built for one occupant but could be ...
  • kayakeum (musical instrument)
    Korean board zither with 12 silk strings, 12 movable bridges, and a convex upper surface. Fashioned from paulownia wood, it forms a rectangle about 160 cm (62 inches) long and 30 cm (12 inches) wide....
  • kayaking (recreation)
    Swedish kayaker, who dominated the sport between 1948 and 1960, winning seven world championships in kayaking events and eight Olympic medals, including six gold....
  • kayakŭm (musical instrument)
    Korean board zither with 12 silk strings, 12 movable bridges, and a convex upper surface. Fashioned from paulownia wood, it forms a rectangle about 160 cm (62 inches) long and 30 cm (12 inches) wide....
  • kayal (music)
    in Hindustani music, a musical form based on a Hindi song in two parts that recur between expanding cycles of melodic and rhythmic improvisation. In a standard performance a slow (vilambit) kayal is followed by a shorter, fast (drut) kayal in the same raga....
  • Kayan (people)
    indigenous people of central Borneo, grouped with the Kenyah and several lesser groups under the general name Bahau. Numbering about 27,000 in the late 20th century, the Kayan are settled mainly along the middle reaches of the Baram, Bintulu, and Rajang rivers in Sarawak. In Indonesian Borneo the Kayan live mainly near the headwaters of the Kayan River and along the middle reac...
  • Kāyastha (caste)
    ...of any caste, having once acquired political power, could also acquire a genealogy connecting him with the traditional lineages and conferring Kshatriya status. A number of new castes, such as the Kayasthas (scribes) and Khatris (traders), are mentioned in the sources of this period. According to the Brahmanic sources, they originated from intercaste marriages, but this is clearly an attempt......
  • Kaye, Danny (American actor)
    energetic, multitalented American actor and comedian who later became known for his involvement with humanitarian causes....
  • Kaye, John (British physician)
    prominent Humanist and physician whose classic account of the English sweating sickness is considered one of the earliest histories of an epidemic....
  • Kaye, Lenny (American musician and critic)
    ...poetry and living with the photographer Robert Mapplethorpe. Her performance-driven poetry readings soon took on a musical component, and from 1971 she worked regularly with the guitarist and critic Lenny Kaye. By 1973 they had formed a band and began performing widely in the downtown club scene. Smith’s mesmeric charisma, chantlike but hoarsely compelling musical declamation, visionary ...
  • Kaye, M. M. (British writer and illustrator)
    British writer and illustrator (b. Aug. 21, 1908, Simla, India—d. Jan. 29, 2004, Lavenham, Suffolk, Eng.), captured life in India and Afghanistan during the Raj in her immensely popular novel The Far Pavilions (1978). The daughter of a British civil servant working in India, Kaye spent her early childhood there. She was sent to boarding school in England at age 10. After graduating f...
  • Kaye, Mary Margaret (British writer and illustrator)
    British writer and illustrator (b. Aug. 21, 1908, Simla, India—d. Jan. 29, 2004, Lavenham, Suffolk, Eng.), captured life in India and Afghanistan during the Raj in her immensely popular novel The Far Pavilions (1978). The daughter of a British civil servant working in India, Kaye spent her early childhood there. She was sent to boarding school in England at age 10. After graduating f...
  • Kaye, Nora (American dancer)
    American dramatic ballerina, called the “Duse of the Dance.”...
  • Kaye, Stubby (American comedian)
    American comedian and singer who electrified audiences with his showstopping rendition of "Sit Down, You’re Rockin’ the Boat" in the Broadway production of Guys and Dolls (1950); the portly performer also appeared on such television series as "Love and Marriage" and "My Sister Eileen" and in films, notably as Nat King Cole’s banjo-strumming balladeer partner in Cat B...
  • Kaye-Smith, Sheila (English author)
    ...literature set in an imaginary county in Mississippi, belongs to the category as much as the once-popular confections about Sussex that were written about the same time by the English novelist Sheila Kaye-Smith. Many novelists, however, gain a creative impetus from avoiding the same setting in book after book and deliberately seeking new locales. The English novelist Graham Greene......
  • Kayentachelys aprix (turtle fossil)
    In tracing back the history of the other turtle suborder, Cryptodira, Kayentachelys aprix of the Late Jurassic (some 150 million years ago) is almost assuredly a cryptodire; it is also the oldest known North American turtle. Other cryptodires are known from the Late Jurassic, although they are not representative of existing families. Softshell turtles (family......
  • Kayes (Mali)
    town, western Mali, western Africa. It lies along the Sénégal River. Kayes is both the terminus of Sénégal River traffic and an important stop on the Mali Railway (Regie des Chemins de Fer du Mali; in Senegal, Regie des Chemins de Fer du Senegal). Southeast of Kayes is the French fort of Medine, constructed in 1855 and the site of an unsuccessful sieg...
  • Kaygusuz Abdal (Turkish poet)
    ...this and other orders have imitated his style (though without reaching the same level of poetic truth and human warmth). Among the later poets claimed by the Bektāshīs may be mentioned Kaygusuz Abdal (15th century), who probably came from the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire. His verses are full of burlesque and even coarse images: in their odd mixture of worldliness and.....
  • Kayibanda, Grégoire (president of Rwanda)
    ...November 1959 eventually transformed itself into an organized political movement aimed at the overthrow of the monarchy and the vesting of full political power in Hutu hands. Under the leadership of Grégoire Kayibanda, Rwanda’s first president, the Party for Hutu Emancipation (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation du Peuple Hutu) emerged as the spearhead of the revolution. C...
  • Kaylānī, Rashid ʿAlī al- (prime minister of Iraq)
    Iraqi lawyer and politician who was prime minister of Iraq (1933, 1940–41, 1941) and one of the most celebrated political leaders of the Arab world during his time....
  • Käyri (Scandinavian feast day)
    in ancient Finnish religion, a feast day marking the end of the agricultural season that also coincided with the time when the cattle were taken in from pasture and settled for a winter’s stay in the barn. Kekri originally fell on Michaelmas, September 29, but was later shifted to November 1, All Saints’ Day. In the old system of reckoning time, Kekri was a critical period between th...
  • Kay’s threshold (biology)
    ...rhythms and are insectivorous and also eat gums, while the slightly larger, but equally diurnal, tamarins (genus Saguinus) are more omnivorous. An approximate cutoff point of 500 grams (Kay’s threshold, after the primatologist Richard Kay, who first drew attention to it) has been proposed as an upper limit for species subsisting mainly on insects and a lower limit for those relyin...
  • Kayser (German pewter firm)
    ...19th century brought about a revival of pewter production; and individual firms succeeded in making original, well-designed pieces that are often of considerable aesthetic importance. The firm of Kayser in Oppum near Krefeld played a leading part in this revival. But the outbreak of World War I spelled the end of Art Nouveau—whose heady run of success had anyway been......
  • Kayser, Heinrich Gustav Johannes (German physicist)
    German physicist who discovered the presence of helium in the Earth’s atmosphere....
  • Kayseri (Turkey)
    city, central Turkey. It lies at an elevation of 3,422 feet (1,043 metres) on a flat plain below the foothills of the extinct volcano Mount Ereiyes (ancient Mount Argaeus, 12,852 feet [3,917 metres]). The city is situated 165 miles (265 km) east-southeast of Ankara. Originally known as Mazaca, the town was later called Eusebia by Argaeus, after King Ariarathes V Eusebes. It was ...
  • Kayseri rug
    floor covering handwoven in or around the city of Kayseri in central Turkey. The best-known rugs from this district are those produced in the 20th century, largely for sale to tourists and undiscriminating collectors....
  • Kaysone Phomvihan (president of Laos)
    Laotian political leader and revolutionary who was a communist leader from 1955 and, following the overthrow of the 600-year-old monarchy (1975), ruler of Laos....
  • Kaz Daği (mountain range, Turkey)
    mountain range in northwestern Asia Minor (now Turkey), near the site of ancient Troy. A classic shrine, Ida was where Paris passed judgment on the rival goddesses and was the scene of the rape of Ganymede. From its highest peak, about 5,800 feet (1,800 m), the gods are said to have witnessed the Trojan War....
  • Kazacharthra (crustacean)
    ...in pouches, hatch as nauplius larvae; worldwide except Antarctica; in fresh water, rarely in brackish water, most frequently in temporary pools.†Order Kazacharthra Early Jurassic; large carapace covers part of trunk; last 32–40 segments lack limbs; 6 pairs of large trunk limbs project beyond carapace; trunk ...
  • Kazachskij Melkosopočnik (region, Kazakstan)
    hilly upland in central and eastern Kazakhstan, occupying about one-fifth of the republic. It is a peneplain, the mountainous Paleozoic foundation of which had already been worn down into an undulating plain by the beginning of the Mesozoic Era, beginning about 245 million years ago. Low hills are characteristic, and there are extensive depressions occupied by saline Lake Tengiz and other lakes. I...
  • Kazak (people)
    an Asiatic Turkic-speaking people inhabiting mainly Kazakhstan and the adjacent parts of the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang in China. The Kazakhs emerged in the 15th century from an amalgam of Turkic tribes who entered Transoxiana about the 8th century and of Mongols who entered the area in the 13th century. At the end of the 20th century there were roug...
  • Kazak (Russian and Ukrainian people)
    (from Turkic kazak, “adventurer,” or “free man”), member of a people dwelling in the northern hinterlands of the Black and Caspian seas. They had a tradition of independence and finally received privileges from the Russian government in return for military services. Originally (in the 15th century) the term referred to semi-independent Tatar groups, which ...
  • Kazak language
    member of the Turkic language family (a subfamily of the Altaic languages), belonging to the northwestern, or Kipchak, branch. The Kazak language is spoken primarily in Kazakhstan and in the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang in China but is also found in Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and Afghanistan. The so-called Kipchak-Uzbek dialect is closely related to Kazak a...
  • Kazak literature
    the body of literature, both oral and written, produced in the Kazakh language by the Kazakh people of Central Asia....
  • Kazak Uplands (region, Kazakstan)
    hilly upland in central and eastern Kazakhstan, occupying about one-fifth of the republic. It is a peneplain, the mountainous Paleozoic foundation of which had already been worn down into an undulating plain by the beginning of the Mesozoic Era, beginning about 245 million years ago. Low hills are characteristic, and there are extensive depressions occupied by saline Lake Tengiz and other lakes. I...
  • Kazakh (people)
    an Asiatic Turkic-speaking people inhabiting mainly Kazakhstan and the adjacent parts of the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang in China. The Kazakhs emerged in the 15th century from an amalgam of Turkic tribes who entered Transoxiana about the 8th century and of Mongols who entered the area in the 13th century. At the end of the 20th century there were roug...
  • Kazakh language
    member of the Turkic language family (a subfamily of the Altaic languages), belonging to the northwestern, or Kipchak, branch. The Kazak language is spoken primarily in Kazakhstan and in the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang in China but is also found in Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and Afghanistan. The so-called Kipchak-Uzbek dialect is closely related to Kazak a...
  • Kazakh literature
    the body of literature, both oral and written, produced in the Kazakh language by the Kazakh people of Central Asia....
  • Kazakh rug
    floor covering woven by villagers living in western Azerbaijan and in a number of towns and villages in northern Armenia and the adjacent southern part of Georgia. The weavers are probably mostly Azerbaijanian Turks, although it is clear that both Armenians and Georgians have taken part in the production of these rugs....
  • Kazakhsky Melkosopochnik (region, Kazakstan)
    hilly upland in central and eastern Kazakhstan, occupying about one-fifth of the republic. It is a peneplain, the mountainous Paleozoic foundation of which had already been worn down into an undulating plain by the beginning of the Mesozoic Era, beginning about 245 million years ago. Low hills are characteristic, and there are extensive depressions occupied by saline Lake Tengiz and other lakes. I...
  • Kazakhstan
    country of Central Asia. It is bounded on the northwest and north by Russia, on the east by China, and on the south by Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the Aral Sea; the Caspian Sea bounds Kazakhstan to the southwest. Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia and the ninth largest in the world. Between its most distant points Kazakhstan measures about 1,820 miles (2,930 kilometres...
  • Kazakhstan, flag of
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  • Kazakhstan, Republic of
    country of Central Asia. It is bounded on the northwest and north by Russia, on the east by China, and on the south by Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the Aral Sea; the Caspian Sea bounds Kazakhstan to the southwest. Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia and the ninth largest in the world. Between its most distant points Kazakhstan measures about 1,820 miles (2,930 kilometres...
  • Kazakhstania (paleocontinent)
    ...of Siberia assumed an orientation rotated 180° from its present alignment (as recognized by the inverted position of Lake Baikal). A huge Siberian platform sea extended southward. Similarly, Kazakhstania was a neighbouring continent to the east in the same northern middle latitudes. North China (including Manchuria and Korea) and South China (the Yangtze platform) were two separate......
  • “Kazaki” (work by Tolstoy)
    ...migrated to Armenia. The Terek River remained a defensive frontier until the 1860s. The constant skirmishes of Chechen and Russians along the Terek form the background to Leo Tolstoy’s novel The Cossacks....
  • Kazakov, Yury Pavlovich (Russian author)
    Soviet short-story writer who worked in the classic Russian lyrical style of Anton Chekhov and Ivan Bunin....
  • Kazakstan
    country of Central Asia. It is bounded on the northwest and north by Russia, on the east by China, and on the south by Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the Aral Sea; the Caspian Sea bounds Kazakhstan to the southwest. Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia and the ninth largest in the world. Between its most distant points Kazakhstan measures about 1,820 miles (2,930 kilometres...
  • Kazakstan Academy of Sciences (academy, Kazakstan)
    ...began in the years after 1989. The study of Kazakh history, literature, and culture, long slighted in general education, now receives appropriate attention in school curricula. The institutes in the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences (founded 1946) focus their research on subjects important to Kazakhstan, in science as well as in the humanities. The renunciation of Marxist-Leninist ideology in......
  • Kazakstan, flag of
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  • Kazakstan, history of
    History...
  • Kazan (Russia)
    capital city, Tatarstan republic, western Russia. It lies just north of the Samara Reservoir on the Volga River, where it is joined by the Kazanka River. The city stretches for about 15 miles (25 km) along hills, which are much dissected by ravines....
  • Kazan Basin (geological feature, Europe)
    ...sands, red beds, and evaporites. Many intracratonic basins—such as the Anadarko, Delaware, and Midland basins in the western United States; the Zechstein Basin of northwestern Europe; and the Kazan Basin of eastern Europe—show similar general changes. In most basins the inner parts became sites of red bed deposition during the Early Permian, followed by periods of extensive......
  • Kazan Cathedral (building, Saint Petersburg, Russia)
    ...private residences of the nobility) and several churches, of which the most prominent are St. Peter’s Lutheran Church (1833–38), St. Catherine’s Roman Catholic Church (1763–83), and the Kazan Cathedral (1801–11). The last edifice, undoubtedly the street’s finest feature, was designed by Andrey Voronikhin in Russian Neoclassical style and has an interior...
  • Kazan, Elia (Turkish-American director and author)
    Turkish-born American director and author, noted for his successes on the stage, especially with plays by Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller, and for his critically acclaimed films....
  • Kazan State University (university, Kazan, Russia)
    In autumn 1887 Lenin enrolled in the faculty of law of the imperial Kazan University (later renamed Kazan [V.I. Lenin] State University), but within three months he was expelled from the school, having been accused of participating in an illegal student assembly. He was arrested and banished from Kazan to his grandfather’s estate in the village of Kokushkino, where his older sister Anna had...
  • Kazan Tatar (people)
    ...Kyrgyz—the Kazaks were the first to respond to the impact of Russian culture. Their early contacts with their new masters had in the main been carried out through intermediaries—Kazan Tatars, who, paradoxically, had contributed to strengthening the Kazaks’ awareness of being part of a greater Muslim world community and their sense of being a “nation” rather th...
  • Kazan Tatar language
    ...of Altaic languages. It is spoken in the republic of Tatarstan in west-central Russia and in Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, and China. There are numerous dialectal forms. The major Tatar dialects are Kazan Tatar (spoken in Tatarstan), Western or Misher Tatar, as well as the minor eastern or Siberian dialects, Kasimov, Tepter (Teptyar), and Astrakhan and Ural Tatar. Kazan Tatar is the literary......
  • Kazan-rettō (archipelago, Japan)
    archipelago, Tokyo to (metropolis), Japan. The islands lie in the western Pacific between the Bonin Islands (north) and the Mariana Islands (south). The three small volcanic islands are, in north–south sequence, Kita-Iō (San Alexander) Island, Iō (Iwo Jima) Island, and Minami-Iō (San Augustino) Island. Unclaimed until the arrival of Japanese fishermen and sulfur ...
  • Kazania sejmowe (work by Skarga)
    Kazania sejmowe (1597; “Diet Sermons”) is considered Skarga’s best work. These sermons are said to have been delivered before the King and his Diet. Other works include Żywoty świętych (1579; “The Lives of Saints”), still widely read in Poland today, and collections of sermons such as Kazania na niedziele...
  • Kazania świętokrzyskie (Polish sermons)
    ...of the song’s text dates from 1407, but its origins are much earlier. Preaching in Polish became established toward the end of the 13th century; the earliest-known example of Polish prose, the Kazania świętokrzyskie (“Sermons of the Holy Cross”), dating from the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century, was discovered in 1890. Among ma...
  • Kazanian Stage (geochronology)
    ...to the Capitanian Stage plus a portion of the Wordian Stage) in its upper part. The upper portion of these nonmarine beds was subsequently shown to be Early Triassic in origin. The Ufimian-Kazanian Stage (a regional stage overlapping the current Roadian Stage and the remainder of the Wordian Stage) in between Murchison’s upper and lower parts of the Permian System was considered to be......
  • Kazanjian, Arlene Francis (American actress)
    American actress and television personality (b. Oct. 20, 1907, Boston, Mass.—d. May 31, 2001, San Francisco, Calif.), enjoyed widespread popularity as a regular panelist on the long-running television quiz show What’s My Line? and as host of the variety show Talent Patrol. She was also a cohost of the television morning show Home. Francis appeared on Broadway fro...
  • Kazanjoglous, Elia (Turkish-American director and author)
    Turkish-born American director and author, noted for his successes on the stage, especially with plays by Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller, and for his critically acclaimed films....
  • Kazankina Kovalenko, Tatyana Vasilyevna (Soviet athlete)
    Soviet athlete who won three Olympic gold medals and set seven world records in women’s running events during the 1970s and ’80s....
  • Kazankina, Tatyana (Soviet athlete)
    Soviet athlete who won three Olympic gold medals and set seven world records in women’s running events during the 1970s and ’80s....
  • Kazanlŭk (Bulgaria)
    town, central Bulgaria. It lies in the Kazanlŭk basin, 2 miles (3 km) north of the Tundzha River. The area is famous for its roses, which are made into attar of roses for the perfume industry. This industry, which developed in the 17th century, now uses approximately 20,000 acres (8,000 hectares) and includes the growing of lavender, peppermint, and pyrethrum. The town is...
  • Kazanlŭk Tomb (tomb, Kazanlŭk, Bulgaria)
    The Kazanlŭk Tomb, discovered in 1944 on the outskirts of town, is a Thracian burial tomb of an unknown ruler from the 4th or 3rd century bc. The fine murals that decorate the entire tomb distinguish it from 13 similar known examples. The town also has a museum, theatre, opera house, and art gallery. Pop. (2004 est.) 51,995....
  • Kazantzakes, Nikos (Greek writer)
    Greek writer whose prolific output and wide variety of work represent a major contribution to modern Greek literature....
  • Kazantzákis, Níkos (Greek writer)
    Greek writer whose prolific output and wide variety of work represent a major contribution to modern Greek literature....
  • Kazantzidis, Stelios (Greek singer)
    Greek folk singer (b. Aug. 29, 1931, Athens, Greece—d. Sept. 14, 2001, Athens), used his expressive vocal interpretations to capture the joys as well as the melancholy longings of Greeks everywhere, especially those in the working class and emigrants in the Greek diaspora. Kazantzidis had little formal education and began singing professionally in 1950. Although he made scores of recordings...
  • Kazaure (Nigeria)
    town and traditional emirate in Jigawa state, northern Nigeria. The town has been the emirate’s headquarters since 1819. It was founded by Dan Tunku, a Fulani warrior who was one of the 14 flag bearers for the Fulani jihad (holy war) leader Usman dan Fodio. Dan Tunku arrived from the nearby town of Dambatta (Dambarta) at a stockaded village that he named Kazaure and established an emirate ...
  • Kazbek, Mount (mountain, Georgia)
    ...km) or more. The main axis of the system contains, in addition to Mount Elbrus, Mount Dombay-Ulgen (Dombey-Yolgen; 13,274 feet [4,046 metres]), in the western sector; Mounts Shkhara, Dykhtau, and Kazbek, all over 16,000 feet (4,800 metres), in the central sector; and Mounts Tebulosmta and Bazardyuzyu, both over 14,600 feet (4,550 metres), in the east. Spurs tonguing north and south from the......
  • Kazeh (Tanzania)
    town, west-central Tanzania. Lying on the Central Plateau at an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m), it has a mean annual temperature of 73 °F (23 °C). The town has been the capital of the Nyamwezi people and was the major trade link between the coast and the Congo River basin prior to European colonial rule. As the junction point of the east-west (Dar es-Salaam–Ujiji) railway a...
  • Kazembe (historical kingdom, Africa)
    the largest and most highly organized of the Lunda kingdoms (see Luba-Lunda states) in central Africa, and the title of all its rulers. At the height of its power (c. 1800), Kazembe occupied almost all of the territory now included in the Katanga region of Congo (Kinshasa) and in northern Zambia. Apparently created about 1740 by an exploring part...
  • Kazembe II (king of Kazembe)
    During the existence of Kazembe there were nine kings with the name Kazembe. The greatest of these was Kazembe II, known as Kaniembo (reigned c. 1740–60), who conquered most of the territory that the kingdom eventually occupied, extending citizenship to those he conquered and establishing the complicated network of tribute and trade that held the vast kingdom together. His......
  • Kazembe III (king of Kazembe)
    ...Zambians in exchange for cotton cloth. During the later 18th century, slave-owning Goans and Portuguese mined gold and hunted elephants among the southern Chewa. Their activities were reported to Kazembe III, the Lunda king on the Luapula, by Bisa traders who exported his ivory and copper to the Yao in Malawi. Kazembe already had indirect access to European goods from the west coast; he now......
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