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  • Kelly Air Base (airbase, San Antonio, Texas, United States)
    ...the northeast, is headquarters of the Air Education and Training Command. Brooks, in the southeastern part of the city, is the site of the School of Aerospace Medicine. The region’s first air base, Kelly (established 1917), was closed in 2001, and its site was redeveloped for business use....
  • Kelly, Barbara (Canadian-born actress)
    Canadian-born actress who enjoyed widespread popularity as a regular panelist on the long-running British edition of the television quiz show What’s My Line? (1951–63; 1984–87) and as the host of Criss Cross Quiz in the 1960s. She joined her real-life husband on several radio and television programs, notably An Evening at Home with Bernard Braden and Barbara ...
  • Kelly, Charles (British actor)
    ...rearing their children. Before joining Irving at the Lyceum Theatre in 1878, she completed a successful season at the Court Theatre. In 1877 she received a divorce from Watts and married an actor, Charles Kelly, mainly to give her children a “name.” They soon separated, and Kelly died in 1885....
  • Kelly, Edward (English alchemist)
    This was not altogether to the alchemist’s advantage. In 1595 Edward Kelley, an English alchemist and companion of the famous astrologer, alchemist, and mathematician John Dee, lost his life in an attempt to escape after imprisonment by Rudolf II, and in 1603 the elector of Saxony, Christian II, imprisoned and tortured the Scotsman Alexander Seton, who had been traveling about Europe perfor...
  • Kelly, Edward (Australian bandit)
    most famous of the bushrangers, Australian rural outlaws of the 19th century....
  • Kelly, Edward J. (American politician)
    ...a long string of Democratic mayors. Cermak, however, fell two years later to an assassin’s bullet intended for U.S. President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was visiting the city. The new mayor, Edward J. Kelly, gladly accepted federal relief funds that employed thousands on projects that completed the Outer Drive Bridge, built the State Street subway, and constructed hundreds of miles...
  • Kelly, Ellsworth (American painter and sculptor)
    American painter and sculptor who was a leading exponent of the hard-edge style, in which abstract contours are sharply and precisely defined....
  • Kelly, Emmett (American clown)
    American circus clown, best known for his role as “Weary Willie,” a mournful tramp dressed in tattered clothes and made up with a growth of beard and a bulbous nose....
  • Kelly, Emmett Lee (American clown)
    American circus clown, best known for his role as “Weary Willie,” a mournful tramp dressed in tattered clothes and made up with a growth of beard and a bulbous nose....
  • Kelly, Eugene Curran (American actor, dancer, and director)
    American dancer, actor, choreographer, and motion picture director whose athletic style of dancing, combined with classical ballet technique, transformed the movie musical and did much to change the American public’s conception of male dancers....
  • Kelly, Gene (American actor, dancer, and director)
    American dancer, actor, choreographer, and motion picture director whose athletic style of dancing, combined with classical ballet technique, transformed the movie musical and did much to change the American public’s conception of male dancers....
  • Kelly, George (American playwright)
    playwright, actor, and director whose dramas of the 1920s reflect the foibles of the American middle class with a telling accuracy....
  • Kelly, George (American psychologist)
    The concept of the self is a central focal point for most humanistic psychologists. In the “personal construct” theory of American psychologist George Kelly and the “self-centred” theory of American psychotherapist Carl Rogers, individuals are said to perceive the world according to their own experiences. This perception affects their personality and leads them to direc...
  • Kelly, George Edward (American playwright)
    playwright, actor, and director whose dramas of the 1920s reflect the foibles of the American middle class with a telling accuracy....
  • Kelly, George R. (American criminal)
    bootlegger, small-time bank robber, and kidnapper who ranged through Tennessee, Mississippi, Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico in the 1920s and ’30s. Abetted by his wife, Kathryn (née Cleo Coleman), whom he married in 1927, he joined gangs whose exploits won press headlines. Much of his life was spent in prison (1925, 1930–31, 1933 until death); he died at the federal pen...
  • Kelly, Grace (American actress and princess of Monaco)
    American actress of films and television, known for her stately beauty and reserve. She starred in 11 motion pictures before abandoning a Hollywood career to marry Rainier III, prince de Monaco, in 1956....
  • Kelly, Howard Atwood (American physician)
    In 1888 Osler became the first professor of medicine in the new Johns Hopkins University Medical School in Baltimore. There he joined William H. Welch, chief of pathology, Howard A. Kelly, chief of gynecology and obstetrics, and William S. Halsted, chief of surgery. Together, the four transformed the organization and curriculum of clinical teaching and made Johns Hopkins the most famous medical......
  • Kelly, Hugh (British dramatist)
    British dramatist, critic, and journalist who was, for a time, a serious rival of the playwright Oliver Goldsmith in the London theatre, after his play False Delicacy (staged in 1768) scored a triumph in opposition to Goldsmith’s Good-Natur’d Man....
  • Kelly, John B. (American athlete)
    American oarsman who won 126 consecutive races in single sculls in 1919 and 1920, a record that included a gold medal at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp. Kelly also won the double sculls event (with his cousin Paul Costello) at the 1920 Games and at the 1924 Games in Paris....
  • Kelly, John Edward (American boxer)
    Irish-born American bare-knuckle fighter who was the world middleweight champion from 1884 to 1891....
  • Kelly, Kevin (American author)
    ...in theories of the “virtual state,” a new system of world politics that is said to reflect the essential chaos of 21st-century capitalism. In Out of Control (1994), author Kevin Kelly predicted that the Internet would gradually erode the power of governments to control citizens; advances in digital technology would instead allow people to follow their own interests an...
  • Kelly, Machine Gun (American criminal)
    bootlegger, small-time bank robber, and kidnapper who ranged through Tennessee, Mississippi, Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico in the 1920s and ’30s. Abetted by his wife, Kathryn (née Cleo Coleman), whom he married in 1927, he joined gangs whose exploits won press headlines. Much of his life was spent in prison (1925, 1930–31, 1933 until death); he died at the federal pen...
  • Kelly, Margaret (French dancer and choreographer)
    Irish-born French dancer and choreographer (b. June 24, 1910, Dublin, Ire.—d. Sept. 11, 2004, Paris, France), was a professional chorus-line dancer by the time she was 14 and in 1932 formed what became the Bluebell Girls cabaret dance troupe. For more than half a century, she led the troupe, which not only entertained Parisians but also toured internationally, dazzling its audiences with en...
  • Kelly, Michael (American journalist)
    American journalist (b. March 17, 1957, Washington, D.C.—d. April 3, 2003, south of Baghdad, Iraq), was a fierce and courageous reporter, editor, and columnist. Kelly’s reporting and investigative work at various publications had earned him positive notice by the time he persuaded The New Republic to send him as a freelance journalist to cover the Persian Gulf War in 1991. His...
  • Kelly, Molly (Australian Aboriginal icon)
    Australian Aboriginal icon (b. c. 1917, Jigalong, W.Aus., Australia—d. Jan. 13, 2004, Jigalong), walked, with her younger sister and a cousin, some 1,600 km (1,000 mi) home from the settlement she had been taken to as a young teenager; her journey inspired the 2002 movie Rabbit-Proof Fence. From 1905 to 1971, Australia followed a policy of attempting to assimilate mixed-race Aborigin...
  • Kelly, Ned (Australian bandit)
    most famous of the bushrangers, Australian rural outlaws of the 19th century....
  • Kelly, R. (American musician)
    American singer, songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist who became one of the best-selling rhythm-and-blues artists of the 1990s and early 2000s. Kelly is known for his gospel-tinged vocal delivery and highly sexualized lyrics....
  • Kelly, Robert Sylvester (American musician)
    American singer, songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist who became one of the best-selling rhythm-and-blues artists of the 1990s and early 2000s. Kelly is known for his gospel-tinged vocal delivery and highly sexualized lyrics....
  • Kelly, Thomas Joseph (American engineer)
    American aerospace engineer (b. June 14, 1929, New York, N.Y.—d. March 23, 2002, Cutchogue, N.Y.), led the team of engineers that designed the Lunar Excursion Module Eagle, in which Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin (“Buzz”) Aldrin, Jr., landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Kelly spent virtually his entire career as an engineer for the Grumman Aircr...
  • Kelly, Walt (American cartoonist)
    American creator of the comic strip “Pogo,” which was noted for its sophisticated humour, gentle whimsy, and occasional pointed political satire....
  • Kelly, Walter Crawford (American cartoonist)
    American creator of the comic strip “Pogo,” which was noted for its sophisticated humour, gentle whimsy, and occasional pointed political satire....
  • Kelly, William (American inventor)
    American ironmaster who invented the pneumatic process of steelmaking, in which air is blown through molten pig iron to oxidize and remove unwanted impurities. Also patented by Sir Henry Bessemer of Great Britain, this process produced the first inexpensive steel, which became the major construction material in the burgeoning industrial age....
  • Kelly, William Russell (American entrepreneur)
    American businessman who in 1965 became chairman of Kelly Services, Inc., which he had founded in 1946 to provide businesses with personnel for temporary assignments; the company grew from providing the services of a few "Kelly Girls" during its early years to finding placement for more than 700,000 employees in 1997 (b. Nov. 21, 1905, Koksilah, Victoria, B.C.--d. Jan. 3, 1998, Fort Lauderdale, Fl...
  • Kelly’s Point (New Zealand)
    city, Southland regional council, South Island, New Zealand. The city lies along the Waihopai River near its confluence with the New River estuary and is the southernmost city of South Island. The surrounding area was bought from the Maori by the New Zealand Company in 1853. Two years later the first settlers arrived at th...
  • Kelman, Charles (American surgeon)
    American ophthalmic surgeon (b. May 23, 1930, Brooklyn, N.Y.—d. June 1, 2004, Boca Raton, Fla.), was posthumously awarded the 2004 Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research for having revolutionized the surgical removal of cataracts; he turned a 10-day hospital stay into an outpatient procedure and dramatically reduced surgical complications....
  • Kelmscott House (building, Hammersmith, London, United Kingdom)
    ...centre; Hurlingham Park; the grounds of Chelsea, Fulham, and Queen’s Park Rangers football (soccer) clubs; and the British Broadcasting Corporation’s television headquarters and main studios. Kelmscott House, for 18 years the home of William Morris (now home to the William Morris Society), is situated in Hammersmith. Also notable are the Palais de Danse (Hammersmith Palais) dance ...
  • Kelmscott Press (publishing company)
    The Kelmscott Press was started in 1891, with the printer and type designer Emery Walker as typographic adviser, and between that year and 1898 the press produced 53 titles in 66 volumes. Morris designed three type styles for his press: Golden type, modeled on that of Nicolas Jenson, the 15th-century French printer; Troy type, a gothic font on the model of the early German printers of the 15th......
  • keloid (dermatology)
    fibrous tissue overgrowth occurring in scars. Usually only the skin layers are affected in this manner; scars of the mucous membranes or deeper tissues do not form keloids. Keloids are sometimes equated with fibrous tumours, but most pathologists do not consider them to be neoplasms (new growths of physiologically nonfunctional tissue)....
  • Kelowna (British Columbia, Canada)
    city, southern British Columbia, Canada. It lies 80 miles (129 km) north of the U.S. (Washington) border, on the east shore of Okanagan Lake (there bridged), 284 miles (457 km) east-northeast of Vancouver. Kelowna originated around a mission established about 1859 by Father Charles Pandosy, of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, who planted trees and formed the ba...
  • kelp (seaweed)
    any of numerous large coastal seaweeds growing in colder seas and belonging to the order Laminariales (about 30 genera) of brown algae. Until early in the 19th century the ash of such seaweeds was an important source of potash and iodine. Giant kelps, of the genus Macrocystis, are rich in minerals and produce algin, a complex carbohydrate (polysacchari...
  • kelp crab (crab)
    Pacific species of spider crab....
  • kelp forest (ecology)
    Pacific species of spider crab.......
  • kelp goose (bird)
    Among the sheldgeese are several South American species of Chloëphaga—the kelp goose (C. hybrida), the Magellan goose (C. picta), and the Andean goose (C. melanoptera)—and the Orinoco goose (Neochen jubatus). African sheldgeese include the spur-winged goose......
  • kelp gull (bird)
    The kelp gull (L. dominicanus) is a very wide-ranging black-backed species of the Southern Hemisphere, including Antarctica. The laughing gull (L. atricilla), a medium-sized bird with a black head, red bill, and red feet, often gives vent to a strident, laughing call. It breeds from Maine to northern South America and winters south in Brazil, often on fresh waters far inland. It......
  • Kelsen, Hans (American scholar)
    Austrian-American legal philosopher, teacher, jurist, and writer on international law, who formulated a kind of positivism known as the “pure theory” of law....
  • Kelsey, Henry (British explorer)
    British mariner and explorer of the Canadian plains who played a significant role in the establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company....
  • Kelso (Washington, United States)
    city, seat (1932) of Cowlitz county, southwestern Washington, U.S., on the Cowlitz River, immediately northeast of Longview. Built on the site of the Cowlitz Indian village of Tiahanakshih, the area that became Kelso was settled in 1847 by Peter Crawford, a Scottish surveyor who laid out the town site in 1884 and named it for his hometown in Scotland. The city...
  • Kelso (American racehorse)
    ...honours in 1941, and Citation in 1948. He established a record of $645,145 earned by one horse (Citation) in a single season. In 1960–61, at the end of his career, Arcaro teamed with the horse Kelso to win several major stakes. After his retirement, he became a television sports commentator....
  • Kelso (Scotland, United Kingdom)
    small burgh (town) and agricultural market centre, Scottish Borders council area, historic county of Roxburghshire, southeastern Scotland. It lies on the River Tweed at the head of the Merse, a rich agricultural plain south of the Lammermuir Hills. The town has an important market and is noted for its yearly horse and ram sales....
  • Kelso, William M. (American archaeologist)
    The commemoration in May 2007 of the 400th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown—the first permanent English settlement in North America—carried heightened significance, given the wealth of archaeological findings about Jamestown that had been coming to light through the work and leadership of William Kelso. Kelso, the director of archaeology for the Jamestown Rediscovery Project,...
  • Kelt (people)
    a member of an early Indo-European people who from the 2nd millennium bc to the 1st century bc spread over much of Europe. Their tribes and groups eventually ranged from the British Isles and northern Spain to as far east as Transylvania, the Black Sea coasts, and Galatia in Anatolia and were in part absorbed into the Roman Empire as Britons, Gauls, Boii, Galatians, and...
  • Kelt (missile)
    ...400 miles. The AS-4 Kitchen, a Mach-2 (twice the speed of sound) rocket-powered missile with a range of about 250 miles, also was introduced in 1961, and the liquid-fuel, rocket-powered Mach-1.5 AS-5 Kelt was first deployed in 1966. The Mach-3 AS-6 Kingfish, introduced in 1970, could travel 250 miles....
  • Keltic languages
    branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken throughout much of Western Europe in Roman and pre-Roman times and currently known chiefly in the British Isles and in the Brittany peninsula of northwestern France. On both geographic and chronological grounds, the languages fall into two divisions, usually known as Continental Celtic and Insular Celtic....
  • Keluarga gerilja (novel by Pramoedya)
    After Indonesia gained independence in 1949, Pramoedya produced a stream of novels and short stories that established his reputation. The novel Keluarga gerilja (1950; “Guerrilla Family”) chronicles the tragic consequences of divided political sympathies in a Javanese family during the Indonesian Revolution against Dutch rule, while Mereka.....
  • Kelud, Mount (volcano, Indonesia)
    ...feet (2,911 metres) near Yogyakarta (Jogjakarta) in central Java, erupts frequently—often causing extensive destruction to roads, fields, and villages but always greatly benefiting the soil. Mount Kelud (5,679 feet [1,731 metres]), near Kediri in eastern Java, can be particularly devastating, because the water in its large crater lake is thrown out during eruption, causing great mudflows...
  • kelvin (unit of measurement)
    base unit of thermodynamic temperature measurement in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as 10027,316 of the triple point (equilibrium among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases) of pure water. The kelvin is also the fundamental unit of the Kelvin scale, an absolute temperature scale named for the British physicist William T...
  • Kelvin effect (physics)
    the evolution or absorption of heat when electric current passes through a circuit composed of a single material that has a temperature difference along its length. This transfer of heat is superimposed on the common production of heat associated with the electrical resistance to currents in conductors. If a copper wire carrying a steady electric current is subjected to external heating at a shor...
  • Kelvin, Lord (Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist)
    Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist, who profoundly influenced the scientific thought of his generation....
  • Kelvin of Largs, William Thomson, Baron (Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist)
    Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist, who profoundly influenced the scientific thought of his generation....
  • Kelvin temperature scale (measurement)
    ...32 °F and 212 °F, respectively. There are absolute temperature scales related to the second law of thermodynamics. The absolute scale related to the Celsius scale is called the Kelvin (K) scale, and that related to the Fahrenheit scale is called the Rankine (°R) scale. These scales are related by the equations K = °C + 273.15...
  • Kelvin wave (hydrology)
    ...corresponds in general to the 180th meridian of longitude), bringing episodes of eastward wind reversals to that region of the ocean. These wind bursts excite extremely long ocean waves, known as Kelvin waves (imperceptible to an observer), that propagate eastward toward the coast of South America, where they cause the upper ocean layer of relatively warm water to thicken and sea level to......
  • Kelvin wedge (fluid mechanics)
    ...V has a fixed angle of 2 sin−1(13) = 39°. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) was the first to explain this, and so the V-shaped area is now known as the Kelvin wedge....
  • Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron (Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist)
    Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist, who profoundly influenced the scientific thought of his generation....
  • Kemal Bey, Yusuf (Turkish statesman)
    (Oct. 20, 1921), pact between the government of France and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey at Ankara, signed by the French diplomat Henri Franklin-Bouillon and Yusuf Kemal Bey, the Turkish nationalist foreign minister. It formalized the de facto recognition by France of the Grand National Assembly, rather than the government of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI, as the sovereign power in......
  • Kemal, Mehmed Namık (Turkish author and social reformer)
    Turkish prose writer and poet who greatly influenced the Young Turk and Turkish nationalist movements and contributed to the westernization of Turkish literature....
  • Kemal, Mustafa (president of Turkey)
    soldier, statesman, and reformer who was the founder and first president (1923–38) of the Republic of Turkey. He modernized the country’s legal and educational systems and encouraged the adoption of a European way of life, with Turkish written in the Latin alphabet and with citizens adopting European-style names....
  • Kemal, Namık (Turkish author and social reformer)
    Turkish prose writer and poet who greatly influenced the Young Turk and Turkish nationalist movements and contributed to the westernization of Turkish literature....
  • Kemal, Yaşar (Turkish author)
    Turkish novelist of Kurdish descent best known for his stories of village life and for his outspoken advocacy on behalf of the dispossessed....
  • Kemal, Yashar (Turkish author)
    Turkish novelist of Kurdish descent best known for his stories of village life and for his outspoken advocacy on behalf of the dispossessed....
  • Kemalpaşazâde (Turkish historian)
    historian, poet, and scholar who is considered one of the greatest Ottoman historians....
  • kemanche (musical instrument)
    stringed instrument of the fiddle family prominent in Arab and Persian art music. It is a spike fiddle; i.e., its small, round or cylindrical body appears skewered by the neck, which forms a “foot” that the instrument rests on when played. Measuring about 30 inches (76 cm) from neck to foot, it has a membrane belly and, commonly, two to four strings tuned in fourth...
  • Kemano penstock tunnel (Canada)
    ...Irrigation Tunnel in northern Colorado experienced only two significant rockfalls in 60 years, each easily repaired during a nonirrigation period. In contrast, a progressive rockfall on the 14-mile Kemano penstock tunnel in Canada resulted in shutting down the whole town of Kitimat in British Columbia, and vacationing workers for nine months in 1961 since there were no other electric sources to...
  • kemari (Japanese sport)
    ...peoples as different as the Chinese and the Aztecs. If ball games were contests rather than noncompetitive ritual performances, such as the Japanese football game kemari, then they were sports in the most rigorously defined sense. That it cannot simply be assumed that they were contests is clear from the evidence presented by Greek and Roman......
  • Kembar (Indonesian government official)
    ...the most powerful figure in Majapahit. In 1331 a rebellion took place in Sadeng (eastern Java). Gajah Mada immediately sent a military expedition to the area, but a minister of Majapahit named Kembar attempted to stop him from entering Sadeng. Gajah Mada broke the blockade and won the battle....
  • Kemble, Adelaide (British actress)
    celebrated singer and member of the famous theatrical family Kemble....
  • Kemble, Charles (British actor)
    theatrical manager, the first to use appropriately detailed historical sets and costumes on the English stage, and an actor noted for his supporting roles in several Shakespeare plays, but at his best in comedy....
  • Kemble, Elizabeth (British actress)
    noted actress in England and the United States....
  • Kemble, Elizabeth (British actress [1763-1841])
    English actress of great ability whose career was subordinated to that of her husband, George Stephen Kemble. Elizabeth Satchell was a talented performer when she married Kemble in 1783, and for several years they acted together, with critics consistently noting her superiority. When engagements took her husband out of town she accompanied him to the detriment of her own career. She outlived him b...
  • Kemble, Fanny (British actress)
    popular English actress who is also remembered as the author of plays, poems, and reminiscences, the latter containing much information about the stage and social history of the 19th century....
  • Kemble, Frances Ann (British actress)
    popular English actress who is also remembered as the author of plays, poems, and reminiscences, the latter containing much information about the stage and social history of the 19th century....
  • Kemble, George Stephen (British actor)
    English actor and theatrical manager....
  • Kemble, Henry Stephen (British actor)
    English actor of popularity but modest attainments, a member of the famous Kemble theatrical family....
  • Kemble, John Mitchell (British historian)
    ...Kehr. In comparison with the amount of work done in France and Germany, historical scholarship in England long paid relatively little attention to legal, as opposed to literary, records. Although John Mitchell Kemble published his collection of Anglo-Saxon documents, the Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici (1839–48), an extensive study of Anglo-Saxon and Norman legal and......
  • Kemble, John Philip (British actor)
    popular English actor and manager of the Drury Lane and Covent Garden theatres in London, where his reforms improved the status of the theatrical profession. He played heavy dramatic roles in the artificial and statuesque style then in vogue. His most famous roles were Shakespeare’s Brutus in Julius Caesar and the title roles in Hamlet and...
  • Kemble, Maria Theresa (British actress)
    English singer, dancer, and actress who married the actor and theatrical manager Charles Kemble....
  • Kemble, Priscilla (British actress)
    noted English actress and wife of the actor and theatrical manager John Philip Kemble....
  • Kemble, Roger (British actor)
    English actor and theatre manager and founder of the famous Kemble family....
  • Kemble, Sarah (British actress)
    one of the greatest English tragic actresses....
  • Kemble, Stephen (British actor)
    English actor and theatrical manager....
  • Kemeny, John (Hungarian-American mathematician and computer scientist)
    ...it. Researchers created several such languages, most notably BASIC (Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), which was invented in 1964 at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. BASIC had features that made it ideal for time-sharing, and it was easy enough to be used by its target audience: college students. Kemeny and Kurtz wanted to open.....
  • Kemeny, John George (Hungarian-American mathematician and computer scientist)
    ...it. Researchers created several such languages, most notably BASIC (Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), which was invented in 1964 at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. BASIC had features that made it ideal for time-sharing, and it was easy enough to be used by its target audience: college students. Kemeny and Kurtz wanted to open.....
  • Kemeny, Zoltan (Swiss sculptor)
    Hungarian-born Swiss sculptor of dramatic metal reliefs....
  • Kemény, Zsigmond, Baron (Hungarian writer)
    Hungarian novelist especially noted for his minute psychological analysis....
  • Kemerovo (Russia)
    city and administrative centre of Kemerovo oblast (province), south-central Russia. Kemerovo lies along the Tom River near the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau Mountains. The small village of Kemerovo was founded in the 1830s and merged with the village of Shcheglovo in 1918 to form the city of Shcheglovsk. The city began to grow rapidly with the development of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin, and...
  • Kemerovo (oblast, Russia)
    oblast (province), south-central Russia. The oblast lies in the Tom River basin. The north-south valley of the basin is flanked by the Kuznetsk Alatau Mountains on the east and by the lower Salair Ridge on the west. In the south are the low Gornaya Shoriya uplands, on which the headstreams of the Tom rise. The north has steppe vegetation, but most of the oblast is thickly for...
  • Kemi (Finland)
    town, northwestern Finland. It lies along the Gulf of Bothnia at the mouth of the Kemi River, north-northwest of Oulu. It was chartered in 1869, although the site had been inhabited for three centuries. The largest bridge and viaduct in Finland formerly stood just north of Kemi, but both were destroyed by the Germans in Wo...
  • Kemi River (river, Finland)
    river in northern Finland. The country’s longest river, it rises near the Russian border and flows generally southwest for about 300 mi (483 km) to the Gulf of Bothnia at Kemi town. The river system is harnessed for hydroelectric power and is important for salmon fishing and for transporting logs....
  • Kemijoki (river, Finland)
    river in northern Finland. The country’s longest river, it rises near the Russian border and flows generally southwest for about 300 mi (483 km) to the Gulf of Bothnia at Kemi town. The river system is harnessed for hydroelectric power and is important for salmon fishing and for transporting logs....
  • Kemmer, Nicholas (British physicist)
    ...accelerators showed that the pion behaves precisely as expected for Yukawa’s particle. Moreover, experiments confirmed that positive, negative, and neutral varieties of pions exist, as predicted by Nicholas Kemmer in England in 1938. Kemmer regarded the nuclear binding force as symmetrical with respect to the charge of the particles involved. He proposed that the nuclear force between pr...
  • Kemmler, William (American criminal)
    Electrocution was first adopted in 1888 in New York as a quicker and more humane alternative to hanging. Two years later, on Aug. 6, 1890, New York state initiated its electric chair, executing William Kemmler at Auburn State Prison; in 1899 Martha Place became the first woman electrocuted. Kemmler’s highly publicized execution was a grotesque and fiery botch. One New...
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