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  • Tänn Waterfall (waterfall, Sweden)
    waterfall in the län (county) of Jämtland, northwestern Sweden, on upper Indals River, between Tänn and Östra Norn lakes and near Mount Åreskutan (4,659 feet [1,420 m]). One of Sweden’s most impressive falls, it is split into two parallel cataracts, each about 81 feet (25 m) high. A total drop of 121 feet (37 m) carries its waters downward into ...
  • Tanna (island, Vanuatu)
    island of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is volcanic in origin. It is 25 miles (40 km) long and 12 miles (19 km) wide and occupies an area of 212 square miles (549 square km). It rises to 3,556 feet (1,084 metres) at Mount Tukuwasmera. Well-watered, wooded, and with a tropical climate, Tanna is the most fertile island in the republic and produc...
  • tanna (Judaic scholar)
    any of several hundred Jewish scholars who, over a period of some 200 years, compiled oral traditions related to religious law. Most tannaim lived and worked in Palestine. Their work was given final form early in the 3rd century ad by Judah ha-Nasi, whose codification of oral laws became known as the Mishna. Some scholars believe the Mishna was committed to ...
  • Tanna Tunnel (tunnel, Japan)
    Most long-distance rock tunnels have encountered problems with water inflows. One of the most notorious was the first Japanese Tanna Tunnel, driven through the Takiji Peak in the 1920s. The engineers and crews had to cope with a long succession of extremely large inflows, the first of which killed 16 men and buried 17 others, who were rescued after seven days of tunneling through the debris.......
  • tannage (leather manufacturing)
    chemical treatment of raw animal hide or skin to convert it into leather. A tanning agent displaces water from the interstices between the protein fibres and cements these fibres together. The three most widely used tanning agents are vegetable tannin, mineral salts such as chromium sulfate, and fish or animal oil. See also leather....
  • tannaim (Judaic scholar)
    any of several hundred Jewish scholars who, over a period of some 200 years, compiled oral traditions related to religious law. Most tannaim lived and worked in Palestine. Their work was given final form early in the 3rd century ad by Judah ha-Nasi, whose codification of oral laws became known as the Mishna. Some scholars believe the Mishna was committed to ...
  • Tannenbaum, Max Gérard (French actor and filmmaker)
    French actor and filmmaker (b. April 29, 1919, Paris, France—d. July 20, 2006, St. Tropez, France), directed a series of phenomenally successful comic films. Oury studied acting and played primarily supporting roles in more than 30 French- and English-language movies. In 1959 he directed his first movie, a drama called La Main chaude (The Itchy Palm). His first comedy hit, ...
  • Tannenberg, Battle of (World War I [1914])
    (Aug. 26–30, 1914), battle fought at Tannenberg (Polish: Stębark), in what is now northeastern Poland, that ended in a German victory over the Russians in the early days of World War I....
  • Tannenberg, Battle of (Europe [1410])
    (July 15, 1410), battle fought at Tannenberg (Polish: Stębark) in northeastern Poland (formerly East Prussia) that was a major Polish-Lithuanian victory over the Knights of the Teutonic Order. The battle marked the end of the order’s expansion along the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea and the beginning of the decline of its power....
  • Tannenberg, David (American organ maker)
    German-born American organ builder....
  • Tannenberger, David (American organ maker)
    German-born American organ builder....
  • Tanner, Beatrice Stella (British actress)
    English actress known for her portrayals of passionate and intelligent characters....
  • Tanner, Henry Ossawa (American painter)
    American painter who gained international acclaim for his depiction of landscapes and biblical themes....
  • Tanner, Väinö (prime minister of Finland)
    moderate political leader, statesman, and prime minister who was instrumental in rebuilding the Finnish Social Democratic Party after his country’s civil war of 1918. Thereafter he consistently opposed Soviet demands for concessions and inroads on his country’s independence....
  • Tanner, Väinö Alfred (prime minister of Finland)
    moderate political leader, statesman, and prime minister who was instrumental in rebuilding the Finnish Social Democratic Party after his country’s civil war of 1918. Thereafter he consistently opposed Soviet demands for concessions and inroads on his country’s independence....
  • tanner’s senna (plant)
    Alexandrian senna (C. acutifolia), from Egypt, The Sudan, and Nigeria, and C. sieberana, from Senegal to Uganda, are cultivated in India for their cathartic properties. Tanner’s senna (C. auriculata), a tall shrub, is a principal native tanbark in southern India....
  • Tännforsen (waterfall, Sweden)
    waterfall in the län (county) of Jämtland, northwestern Sweden, on upper Indals River, between Tänn and Östra Norn lakes and near Mount Åreskutan (4,659 feet [1,420 m]). One of Sweden’s most impressive falls, it is split into two parallel cataracts, each about 81 feet (25 m) high. A total drop of 121 feet (37 m) carries its waters downward into ...
  • Tannhäuser (opera by Wagner)
    ...Opera in Munich, Germany. There she reproduced a number of ballets and also worked with the German composer Richard Wagner on the production of several of his operas, including Tannhäuser (1873), for which she arranged the bacchanal. She died in Munich in 1907, leaving a very substantial legacy to the city, which honoured her memory by naming a street after......
  • Tannhäuser (German poet)
    German lyric poet who became the hero of a popular legend....
  • tannic acid (biochemistry)
    any of a group of pale-yellow to light-brown amorphous substances in the form of powder, flakes, or a spongy mass, widely distributed in plants and used chiefly in tanning leather, dyeing fabric, making ink, and in various medical applications. Tannin solutions are acid and have an astringent taste. Tannin is responsible for the astringency, colour, and some of the flavour in te...
  • tannin (biochemistry)
    any of a group of pale-yellow to light-brown amorphous substances in the form of powder, flakes, or a spongy mass, widely distributed in plants and used chiefly in tanning leather, dyeing fabric, making ink, and in various medical applications. Tannin solutions are acid and have an astringent taste. Tannin is responsible for the astringency, colour, and some of the flavour in te...
  • tanning (leather manufacturing)
    chemical treatment of raw animal hide or skin to convert it into leather. A tanning agent displaces water from the interstices between the protein fibres and cements these fibres together. The three most widely used tanning agents are vegetable tannin, mineral salts such as chromium sulfate, and fish or animal oil. See also leather....
  • tanning (physiology)
    ...or outermost layer of the skin, contains little of the pigment; in the dark-skinned races epidermal deposits of melanin are heavy. On exposure to sunlight, human epidermis undergoes gradual tanning with increases in the melanin content, which helps to protect underlying tissues from injurious sun rays....
  • Tanninim River (river, Israel)
    Many writers on biblical geography, as well as some modern Israeli experts, consider the Plain of Sharon proper to extend only as far north as the Tanninim River. This streamlet enters the Mediterranean about 18 miles (29 km) south of the Carmel promontory. These authorities sometimes call the narrow northern extension of the plain, between the Tanninim River and Mount Carmel, the Plain of......
  • Tannu Tuva (region, Asia)
    Tannu Tuva was part of the Chinese empire from 1757 until 1911, when tsarist Russia fomented a separatist movement and in 1914 took the country under its protection. In 1921 independence was proclaimed for the Tannu Tuva People’s Republic, but in 1944 it was annexed by the Soviet Union and made an autonomous oblast (province) of the Russian S.F.S.R. In 1961 its status was raised to that of ...
  • Tannu-Ola (mountains, Russia)
    mountain range of southern Tuva, extending eastward about 350 miles (560 km) from the Altai Mountains in Russia. The average elevation of its summits is 8,200–8,850 feet (2,500–2,700 m) above sea level, with a maximum elevation of 10,043 feet (3,061 m) at Sagly in the Western Tannu-Ola; the highest point in the Eastern Tannu-Ola is Despen (8,501 feet [2,591 m]). The range is drained ...
  • Tannu-Tuva (republic, Russia)
    republic in south-central Siberia, Russia. Tuva borders northwestern Mongolia and occupies the basin of the upper Yenisey River. Its relief consists of two broad basins, the Tuva and Todzha, drained by two main tributaries of the Yenisey River. High mountain ranges, including the Eastern Sayan and Western Sayan mountains to the north, enclose the basins. A continuous series of ranges also enclose ...
  • Tannu-Tuvan (people)
    any member of an ethnolinguistic group inhabiting the autonomous republic of Tuva in south-central Russia; the group also constitutes a small minority in the northwestern part of Mongolia. The Tuvans are a Turkic-speaking people with Mongol influences. They live among the headwaters of the Yenisey River, in an area that has characteristics of both Siberian taiga and Central Asian steppe. Pastorali...
  • tannur (Islam)
    ...which symbolizes the grave, and the tall camel’s hair hat (sikke) represents the headstone. Underneath are the white “dancing” robes consisting of a very wide, pleated frock (tannūr), over which fits a short jacket (destegül). On arising to participate in the ritual dance, the dervish casts off the blackness of the grave and appears radian...
  • Tanny, Vic (American athlete and entrepreneur)
    Another offshoot of the popularity of bodybuilding and dietary aids was the emergence of health clubs. The first postwar chain was started by Vic Tanny in Santa Monica, California. Eventually there were 84 Tanny gyms nationwide, complemented by sufficient carpet, chrome, and leather to attract a higher-class clientele. Though grossing $15 million a year, the organization was overextended and......
  • Tano (Korean holiday)
    Korean holiday celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month to commemorate the start of summer and to honour spirits and ancestors. One of Korea’s oldest holidays, it was originally a day of games and festivities, marked by ssirum (Korean wrestling), swing competitions for women, mask dances, songs, and feasts. Typical foods included rice cakes...
  • tano lutz (ice skating jump)
    American figure skater who won multiple U.S. national and world titles as well as an Olympic gold medal. He was also the inventor of the jump called the tano lutz....
  • Tano River (river, Africa)
    river, western Ghana, West Africa. It rises near Techiman and flows southward for 250 miles (400 km) to enter the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean), at Aby Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Its lower course forms the Ghana–Côte d’Ivoire boundary. It is navigable from its mouth for about 60 miles (95 km) to Tanoso, where further travel is blocked by the Sutre Fa...
  • tanoak (plant)
    oaklike ornamental evergreen tree with tannin-rich bark. It is a member of the beech family (Fagaceae) and is native to coastal areas of southern Oregon and northern California....
  • Tanoan languages
    a major grouping (phylum or superstock) of American Indian languages that includes the large Uto-Aztecan language family and the small Kiowa-Tanoan language family of New Mexico and Oklahoma. The Uto-Aztecan languages are widely spoken in Mexico, northern Guatemala, and, by fewer numbers, in California, the Great Basin, and Arizona. The Kiowa-Tanoan languages...
  • Tanoé River (river, Africa)
    river, western Ghana, West Africa. It rises near Techiman and flows southward for 250 miles (400 km) to enter the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean), at Aby Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Its lower course forms the Ghana–Côte d’Ivoire boundary. It is navigable from its mouth for about 60 miles (95 km) to Tanoso, where further travel is blocked by the Sutre Fa...
  • Tanomura Chikuden (Japanese painter)
    Japanese painter noted for gentle, melancholic renderings of nature....
  • Tanomura Kōken (Japanese painter)
    Japanese painter noted for gentle, melancholic renderings of nature....
  • Tanovic, Danis (Bosnian director, writer, and composer)
    Other Nominees...
  • tan−p’i bodiless ware (Chinese pottery)
    Chinese porcelain characterized by an excessively thin body under the glaze. It often had decoration engraved on it before firing that, like a watermark in paper, was visible only when held to the light; such decoration is called anhua, meaning literally “secret language.”...
  • Tanpınar, Ahmed Hamdi (Turkish writer)
    One of the most multifaceted figures of 20th-century Turkish literature is Ahmed Hamdi Tanpınar. A scholar of modern Turkish literature, he taught at Istanbul University for most of his life and published much literary criticism, including a major critical work on the poetry of Beyatlı, under whom he had studied. But Tanpınar’s scholarship was overshadowed by his short....
  • tanrec (mammal family)
    any of 29 species of shrewlike and hedgehoglike mammals. Most are endemic to Madagascar and nearby islands, but the otter shrews (subfamily Potamogalinae) are native to the African mainland....
  • Tansar (Zoroastrian priest)
    Ardashīr made Zoroastrianism the state religion, and he and his priest Tosar are credited with collecting the holy texts and establishing a unified doctrine. Two treatises, The Testament of Ardashīr and The Letter of Tosar, are attributed to them. As patron of the church, Ardashīr appears in Zoroastrian tradition as a sage. As founder of the dynasty, he is......
  • Tansi, Marcel Sony Labou (Congolese [Brazzaville] writer)
    Congolese writer (b. June 5, 1947, Kimwanza, Moyen-Congo, French Equatorial Africa--d. June 14, 1995, Brazzaville, Congo), explored issues of past colonial exploitation and contemporary political corruption through complex fables that showed elements of satire, dark humour, and fantasy akin to Latin-American magic realism. Tansi’s first published novel, La Vie et demie (1979), was ad...
  • Tansill, Charles C. (American author)
    ...theory were Charles Beard, author of American Foreign Policy in the Making, 1932–1940 (1946) and President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War, 1941 (1948), and Charles C. Tansill, author of Back Door to War: The Roosevelt Foreign Policy, 1933–1941 (1952). Half a century later, journalist and presidential candidate Patrick J. Buchanan gave......
  • tansy (plant)
    one of about 150 species of strong-smelling, poisonous herbs of the genus Tanacetum (family Asteraceae), native to the North Temperate Zone. It has button-shaped yellow flower heads of disk flowers (no ray flowers) that are arranged in a flat-topped cluster; alternate, deeply cut leaves; and many stems....
  • tansy mustard (plant)
    ...of scurvy. It has tarry-flavoured leaves that are used in salads. The pungent condiment known as horseradish is made from the long, hard root of Armoracia lapathifolia, a European herb. Tansy mustard (Descurainia pinnata) is a widely distributed North American annual weed with feathery foliage and yellow to white flowers....
  • tansy ragwort (plant)
    ...the genus have yellow flower heads that usually are composed of disk and ray flowers. Bracts (leaflike structures) are located below the yellow, red, purple, blue, or white flower heads. Ragwort, or tansy ragwort (S. jacobaea; see photograph); cineraria, or dusty miller (S. cineraria); and golden ragwort (S. aureus) are cultivated as border plants. German ivy (S.......
  • Ṭanṭā (Egypt)
    city and capital of Al-Gharbīyah muḥāfaẓah (governorate), Lower Egypt, in the Nile Delta. It lies on an irrigation canal almost midway between the Rosetta (west) and Damietta (east) branches of the Nile on the Cairo–Alexandria superhighway. It is also a junction for railways leading to Alexandria and Damietta and serving ...
  • tantalite (mineral)
    tantalum-rich variety of the mineral columbite with the chemical formula (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6. Tantalite is the principal ore of the metal tantalum....
  • Tantalos (Greek mythology)
    in Greek legend, son of Zeus or Tmolus (a ruler of Lydia) and Pluto (daughter of Cronus and Rhea) and the father of Niobe and Pelops. He was the king of Sipylus in Lydia (or of Phrygia) and was the intimate friend of the gods, to whose table he was admitted. The punishment of Tantalus in the underworld was occasioned by one of several crimes, according to vari...
  • tantalum (chemical element)
    (Ta), chemical element, very hard, silver-gray metal of Group Vb of the periodic table, characterized by its high density, extremely high melting point, and excellent resistance to all acids except hydrofluoric at ordinary temperatures. Closely associated with niobium in ores and in properties, tantalum was discovered (1802) by the Swedish chemist Anders Gustaf Ekeberg and named...
  • Tantalus (Greek mythology)
    in Greek legend, son of Zeus or Tmolus (a ruler of Lydia) and Pluto (daughter of Cronus and Rhea) and the father of Niobe and Pelops. He was the king of Sipylus in Lydia (or of Phrygia) and was the intimate friend of the gods, to whose table he was admitted. The punishment of Tantalus in the underworld was occasioned by one of several crimes, according to vari...
  • Tante Ulrikke (play by Heiberg)
    ...known in other countries: Balkonen (1894; The Balcony, 1922) and Kjærlighetens tragedie (1904; The Tragedy of Love, 1921). In Norway, Heiberg’s first play, Tante Ulrikke (1884; “Aunt Ulrikke”), has remained the most frequently performed of his works. Aunt Ulrikke is a lonely fighter for the rights of the underdog in a world ruled by...
  • Tantia Topi (Indian rebel leader)
    a leader of the Indian Mutiny of 1857. Though without formal military training, he was probably the best and most effective of the rebels’ generals....
  • Tantra (religious texts)
    (Sanskrit: Loom), any of numerous texts dealing with the esoteric practices of some Hindu, Buddhist, and Jaina sects. In the orthodox classification of Hindu religious literature, Tantra refers to a class of post-Vedic Sanskrit treatises similar to the Purāṇas (medieval encyclopaedic collections of myths, legends, and other topics). In this usage Tantras are, the...
  • Tantric Buddhism (Buddhism)
    important development within Buddhism in India and neighbouring countries, notably Tibet. Vajrayāna, in the history of Buddhism, marks the transition from Mahāyāna speculative thought to the enactment of Buddhist ideas in individual life. The term vajra (Sanskrit: “diamond,” or “thunderbolt”) is used to signify the absolutely real and indestr...
  • Tantric Hinduism
    ...term eventually supplanted Kāmarūpa as the accepted name for the area. Being a unique mix of South Asian and East Asian cultures, Kāmarūpa was the seat of evolution for the Tantric form of Hinduism....
  • Tantrism (Buddhism)
    important development within Buddhism in India and neighbouring countries, notably Tibet. Vajrayāna, in the history of Buddhism, marks the transition from Mahāyāna speculative thought to the enactment of Buddhist ideas in individual life. The term vajra (Sanskrit: “diamond,” or “thunderbolt”) is used to signify the absolutely real and indestr...
  • Tantulocardia (crustacean)
    ...most are nonparasitic; larvae are nauplii and cyprids; adult body typically contained within calcareous shell plates; about 800 species.Subclass TantulocaridaHolocene; eggs give rise to a tantulus larva with head shield and 6 pairs of thoracic limbs; adult females form large dorsal trunk sac between head shie...
  • TANU (Tanzanian political organization)
    The liberation struggle in Tanganyika was led by the Tanganyika African National Union, whose flag was a horizontal tricolour of green-black-green. Elections confirmed the overwhelming popular support for the organization, and British authorities suggested modifying the party flag for use as a national flag subsequent to independence on December 9, 1961. Yellow fimbriations were added at that......
  • Tanucci, Bernardo, Marchese (Italian statesman)
    foremost statesman of the Kingdom of Naples-Sicily in the 18th century....
  • Tanui, Moses (Kenyan athlete)
    ...He lived with his mother and then with his father, and he eventually endured a hand-to-mouth existence on his own before joining the training camps of past Boston Marathon winners Cosmas N’Deti and Moses Tanui....
  • Tanūkh (people)
    ancient group of various southern Arabian tribes and clans that first moved into central Arabia and then, at the beginning of the 2nd or 3rd century ad, moved into the fertile region west of the lower and middle Euphrates River. Although they were originally seminomadic, they later made a permanent settlement on the lower Euphrates, called al-Ḥīrah (...
  • Tanūkhi, al- (Muslim writer)
    ...genre were al-Thaʿālibī, al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, and Abū al-Qāsim Maḥmud ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī. Another major contributor, al-Tanūkhī, also compiled a collection that is an example of the al-faraj baʿd al-shiddah (“escape from hardship”) genre, which in...
  • tanuki (canine)
    (Nyctereutes procyonoides), member of the dog family (Canidae) native to eastern Asia and introduced into Europe. Some authorities place it in the raccoon family, Procyonidae. It resembles the raccoon in having dark facial markings that contrast with its yellowish brown coat, but it does not have a ringed tail. It has short, brown or blackish limbs, a heavy body, and ...
  • T’anŭm (Korean painter)
    painter who was one of the most popular 16th-century Korean artists....
  • Tanuma Okitsugu (Japanese government minister)
    renowned minister of Japan’s Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1867); traditionally considered one of the corrupt geniuses of the period, he actually helped restore the financial footing of the government and greatly fostered trade....
  • Tanutamon (king of Egypt)
    In 668 he put down a rebellion in Egypt and drove out King Taharqa, but in 664 the nephew of Taharqa, Tanutamon, gathered forces for a new rebellion. Ashurbanipal went to Egypt, pursuing the Ethiopian prince far into the south. His decisive victory moved Tyre and other parts of the empire to resume regular payments of tribute. Ashurbanipal installed Psamtik (Greek: Psammetichos) as prince over......
  • Tanwŏn (Korean painter)
    one of the first Korean artists to depict the common people in his work....
  • tanyák (building)
    ...dunes, loess plains, and floodplains. Kecskemét is the market centre for the region, which is also noted for its isolated farmsteads, known as tanyák. Several interesting groups live there, including the people of Kalocsa and the Matyó, who occupy the northern part of the plain around Mezőkövesd and are......
  • Tanyao (Chinese monk)
    The earliest five temples were instituted by the head of the Buddhist church, a monk named Tanyao, about 460 ce; their construction was among the first acts of propitiation sponsored by the foreign Tuoba, or Bei (Northern) Wei, rulers (386–534/535) as a result of their persecution of Buddhism during the period between 446 and 452. The colossal Buddha images in each cave were e...
  • tanzaku (cards)
    ...suit and rank. In most suits the first two cards show only a plain representation of the identifying flower and are worth one point. The suit’s third-ranking card adds a tanzaku, a picture of a sheet of paper for poetry writing, and is worth five points. The top card in each suit shows the flower, to which is added a picture of some animal, bird, ...
  • Tanzam Highway (highway, Africa)
    ...network extends to all parts of the country, but it is densest along the coast and southeast of Lake Victoria. The country’s percentage of roads paved is one of the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. The Tanzam Highway, opened in the early 1970s between Dar es Salaam and Zambia, has significantly reduced the isolation of southern Tanzania. A newer highway intersects it at Makambako and procee...
  • Tanzam railway (railway, Tanzania-Zambia)
    ...country between Dar es Salaam and Kigoma, and the Tanga-to-Moshi railway. Today there is also a branch between these two lines, and another line connects Mwanza with Tabora on the Central Line. The TAZARA rail line, running between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri-Mposhi on the Zambian border, was built with Chinese aid in the early 1970s. It provided the main outlet to the sea for Zambia’s copp...
  • Tanzania
    East African country situated just south of the Equator. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean on the east and eight other nations: Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa), Zambia, Malaŵi, and Mozambique. Tanzania was formed as a sovereign state in 1964 through the union of the theretofore separate states of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Mainland Tan...
  • Tanzania, Bank of (bank, Tanzania)
    All private banks were nationalized between 1967 and 1992, but since then private banks (including branches of foreign-owned banks) have been allowed to open. The state-run Bank of Tanzania operates as the central bank; it manages the country’s finances and issues the currency, the Tanzanian shilling....
  • Tanzania Craton (geological region, Africa)
    ...is again characterized by platform deposits in stable areas, such as the West African craton (Taoudeni and Tindouf basins), the Congo craton, the Kalahari craton (Nama basin of Namibia), and the Tanzania craton (Bukoban beds). Tectonic and magmatic activity was concentrated in mobile belts surrounding these stable areas and took place throughout the late Proterozoic, during the so-called......
  • Tanzania, flag of
    ...
  • Tanzania, history of
    History...
  • Tanzania, United Republic of
    East African country situated just south of the Equator. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean on the east and eight other nations: Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa), Zambia, Malaŵi, and Mozambique. Tanzania was formed as a sovereign state in 1964 through the union of the theretofore separate states of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Mainland Tan...
  • tanzanite (mineral)
    ...limestone. Occurrences include Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Mexico, Scotland, and the United States (Massachusetts). Thulite, a manganous variety from Telemark, Nor., and Piedmont, Italy, is pink; tanzanite, a gem variety from Tanzania, is vivid blue. Zoisite has the same chemical formula as clinozoisite but has a different crystal structure. For detailed physical properties, see......
  • Tanzawa Mountains (mountains, Japan)
    ...depression now buried by Mount Fuji. The western extension contains Mount Kenashi (6,381 feet), which is the highest peak in the southern section. Mount Kuro (5,878 feet) crowns the main body of the Tanzawa Mountains....
  • tanzīh (Islam)
    Both tashbīh and taʿṭīl were avoided by many theologians who spoke rather of tanzīh (keeping God pure) and of tathbīt (confirming God’s attributes). The major reason for the fear of tashbīh is that it can easily lead to paganism and idolatry, while taʿṭīl leads to atheism....
  • Tanzimat (Ottoman reform movement)
    (Turkish: “Reorganization”), series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz. These reforms, heavily influenced by European ideas, were intended to effectuate a fundamental change of the empire from the old system based on theocratic principles to ...
  • tao (coin)
    ...invented, cowrie shells were used as money in China. The earliest Chinese coins are small bronze hoes and knives, copies of the tools that previously had been used for barter. The knife coins (tao) were about six inches (15 centimetres) long and some bore inscriptions naming the issuer and giving the value. Hoe coins bore similar inscriptions. Both types circulated during the 4th and......
  • tao (Chinese philosophy)
    in Chinese philosophy, a fundamental concept signifying “the proper way,” or “heaven’s way.” In the Confucian tradition, dao signifies a morally proper path of human conduct and is thus limited to behaviour. In the rival school of Daoism (the name of which derives from dao), the concept takes on a metaphysical sense transcending the human realm. The D...
  • T’ao Ch’ien (Chinese poet)
    one of China’s greatest poets and a noted recluse....
  • T’ao Ho (river, China)
    ...axis, running in a southeasterly direction and marking the border between Honan and Hupeh. The T’ung-pai range is separated from the Fu-niu by a gap some 75 to 100 miles wide cut by the T’ang and T’ao rivers, which are tributaries of the Han River. This gap gives easy access from the Honan Plain to the central basin of the Yangtze, a route much used from Han times onward in...
  • Tao Hongjing (Chinese Daoist)
    Chinese poet, calligrapher, physician, naturalist, and the most eminent Daoist of his time....
  • Tao Hsüeh (Chinese philosophy)
    ...Yang-ming. The name of their school is Hsin Hsüeh, often called the Lu-Wang school, after its two great proponents. It was opposed to the other great school (and the one that was dominant), the Li Hsüeh, often called the Ch’eng-Chu after its leading philosophers, Ch’eng I and Chu Hsi....
  • T’ao Hungching (Chinese Daoist)
    Chinese poet, calligrapher, physician, naturalist, and the most eminent Daoist of his time....
  • Tao Qian (Chinese poet)
    one of China’s greatest poets and a noted recluse....
  • T’ao River (river, China)
    ...axis, running in a southeasterly direction and marking the border between Honan and Hupeh. The T’ung-pai range is separated from the Fu-niu by a gap some 75 to 100 miles wide cut by the T’ang and T’ao rivers, which are tributaries of the Han River. This gap gives easy access from the Honan Plain to the central basin of the Yangtze, a route much used from Han times onward in...
  • Tao Sheng (Chinese Buddhist monk)
    eminent Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar....
  • Tao, Terrence (Australian mathematician)
    Australian mathematician awarded a Fields Medal in 2006 “for his contributions to partial differential equations, combinatorics, harmonic analysis and additive number theory.”...
  • t’ao t’ieh (mask motif)
    monster mask commonly found on ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessels and implements....
  • Tao Tsang (Taoist literature)
    a large, imperially sponsored collection of Taoist writings, very few of which have been translated into English. The original canon, printed by the Taoist emperors of the Sung dynasty (ad 960–1279), comprised almost 5,000 volumes, but many of these were destroyed by imperial decree during the Yüan, or Mongol, dynasty (1279–1368). The present Tao Tsang, nu...
  • Tao Yuanliang (Chinese poet)
    one of China’s greatest poets and a noted recluse....
  • Tao Yuanming (Chinese poet)
    one of China’s greatest poets and a noted recluse....
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