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  • Te (chemical element)
    semimetallic chemical element in the oxygen group (Group 16 [VIa] of the periodic table), closely allied with the element selenium in chemical and physical properties. Tellurium is a silvery-white element with properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals; it makes up approximately one part per billion of the Earth’s crust. Like selenium, it is less often ...
  • te (Taoism)
    (Chinese: “virtue,” or “potentiality”), in Chinese Taoism, the potentiality of the mysterious Tao, or Way, the undefinable, transcendent reality that produces all things. In contrast, Confucianism views te as the virtue of internal goodness and proper behaviour toward others. As such, it was Confucius’ answer to socia...
  • Te Anau, Lake (lake, New Zealand)
    lake, the largest of the Southern Lakes, southwest South Island, New Zealand. About 38 miles (61 km) long and 6 miles (10 km) wide, the lake, with an area of 133 square miles (344 square km), has four western extensions—Worsley Arm and North, Middle, and South fjords. Fed by the Clinton and Eglinton rivers, it drains a 1,275-square-mile (3,302-square-kilometre) basin. Occupying a valley tha...
  • Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu (New Zealand Maori queen)
    New Zealand Maori queen (b. July 23, 1931, Waahi Marae Huntly, N.Z.—d. Aug. 15, 2006, Ngaruawahia, near Hamilton, N.Z.), was the sixth and longest-serving monarch of the Kingitanga movement and the Maori people’s first reigning queen. She was born Piki Mahuta and succeeded her father, King Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tawhiao, as the Maori sovereign after his death in May 1966. Thereafter, ...
  • Te Aroha (New Zealand)
    town, northern North Island, New Zealand, on the Waihou (Thames) River. The settlement, established in 1880 as a river port for a new gold find, was known as Aroha Gold Field Town, Morgantown, and Aroha. It derives its present name from that of a nearby extinct volcano rising 3,126 feet (953 m) in the Coromandel Range; the term means “the loved one” and refers to a...
  • Te Atairangikaahu, Dame (New Zealand Maori queen)
    New Zealand Maori queen (b. July 23, 1931, Waahi Marae Huntly, N.Z.—d. Aug. 15, 2006, Ngaruawahia, near Hamilton, N.Z.), was the sixth and longest-serving monarch of the Kingitanga movement and the Maori people’s first reigning queen. She was born Piki Mahuta and succeeded her father, King Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tawhiao, as the Maori sovereign after his death in May 1966. Thereafter, ...
  • Te Deum (work by Berlioz)
    ...dealt with the ranges, mechanical problems, and sound qualities of all wind instruments, including newly invented ones. Typical of Berlioz’s own compositions, the Te Deum, Opus 22, calls for an expanded wind complement of four flutes, four oboes, four clarinets, four horns, four bassoons, alto saxhorn, two trumpets, two cornets, six trombones, and two......
  • “Te Deum” (hymn)
    Latin hymn to God the Father and Christ the Son, traditionally sung on occasions of public rejoicing. According to legend, it was improvised antiphonally by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine at the latter’s baptism. It has more plausibly been attributed to Nicetas, bishop of Remesiana in the early 5th century, and its present form—equal sections devoted to the Father a...
  • Te Deum and Jubilate (song by Purcell)
    ...compositions for the church are the anthem My heart is inditing, performed in Westminster Abbey at the coronation of James II in 1685, and the festal Te Deum and Jubilate, written for St. Cecilia’s Day in 1694. Of these the anthem is the more impressive; the Te Deum and Jubilate suffers on the whole from...
  • Te Deum laudamus (hymn)
    Latin hymn to God the Father and Christ the Son, traditionally sung on occasions of public rejoicing. According to legend, it was improvised antiphonally by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine at the latter’s baptism. It has more plausibly been attributed to Nicetas, bishop of Remesiana in the early 5th century, and its present form—equal sections devoted to the Father a...
  • Te Kanawa, Dame Kiri (New Zealander opera singer)
    critically acclaimed lyric soprano best known for her repertoire of works by Mozart and Richard Strauss....
  • Te Kooti (Maori leader)
    Maori guerrilla and founder of the Ringatu religious movement in New Zealand. Imprisoned on the Chatham Islands, he studied the Old Testament and in December 1867 announced that he had been divinely commanded to found a new church. The following year he escaped and for several years led a guerrilla band. He was granted amnesty in 1883....
  • Te Kooti Rikirangi (Maori leader)
    Maori guerrilla and founder of the Ringatu religious movement in New Zealand. Imprisoned on the Chatham Islands, he studied the Old Testament and in December 1867 announced that he had been divinely commanded to found a new church. The following year he escaped and for several years led a guerrilla band. He was granted amnesty in 1883....
  • Te Manga, Mount (mountain, Cook Islands)
    ...group of the Cook Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean, about 2,100 miles (3,400 km) northeast of New Zealand. Volcanic in origin, it has a rugged interior rising to 2,139 feet (652 metres) at Te Manga. Surrounding its mountainous core is a plain, an ancient raised fringing coral reef covered with sediment. The island itself is fringed by a coral reef....
  • Te, Palace of (palace, Italy)
    summer palace and horse farm near Mantua, Italy, of Duke Federico Gonzaga II. It was designed and built (c. 1525–35) by Giulio Romano, who also executed several of the fresco murals decorating the interior. The palace and its wall paintings are traditionally considered among the most important architectural expressions of Mannerism—especia...
  • Te, Palazzo del (palace, Italy)
    summer palace and horse farm near Mantua, Italy, of Duke Federico Gonzaga II. It was designed and built (c. 1525–35) by Giulio Romano, who also executed several of the fresco murals decorating the interior. The palace and its wall paintings are traditionally considered among the most important architectural expressions of Mannerism—especia...
  • Te Rangitake (Maori chief)
    Maori chief whose opposition to the colonial government’s purchase of tribal lands led to the First Taranaki War (1860–61) and inspired the Maoris’ resistance throughout the 1860s to European colonization of New Zealand’s fertile North Island....
  • Te riri pakeha (New Zealand history)
    The last of the wars—known to the Europeans as “the fire in the fern” and to the Maori as te riri pakeha, “the white man’s anger,”—was fought from 1864 to 1872. Hostilities spread to virtually the whole of North Island. The main Maori combatants in the mid-60s were the fanatic Hauhau warriors. The British govern...
  • Te Ua Haumene (Maori leader)
    any of the radical members of the Maori Pai Marire (Maori: “Good and Peaceful”) religion, founded in 1862 in Taranaki on North Island, New Zealand. The movement was founded by Te Ua Haumene, a Maori prophet who had been captured in his youth and converted to Christianity before his release. Like most other Maori, he was opposed to the sale of Maori land, and he joined the Maori King....
  • Te Wherowhero (king of Maori)
    The so-called King Movement was a response to the increasing threat to the Maori land. In 1857 several tribes of the Waikato area of North Island elected as king Te Wherowhero, who reigned as Potatau I. In addition to electing a king, they established a council of state, a judicial system, and a police organization, all of which were intended to support Maori resolve to retain their land and to......
  • Te-chou (China)
    city, northwestern Shandong sheng (province), northeast-central China. It is located on the Southern (Yongji) Canal, just east of the Wei River and the border with Hebei province....
  • Te-hua porcelain (Chinese art)
    Chinese porcelain made at Dehua in Fujian province. Although the kiln began production some time during the Song period (960–1279), most examples of the porcelain are attributed to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The characteristic product of Dehua was the white porcelain known to the French as blanc de chine, which had the appe...
  • Te-tsung (emperor of Tang dynasty)
    temple name (miaohao) of the 10th emperor (reigned 779–805) of the Tang dynasty and the only emperor in the latter half of the dynasty to reign more than 20 years. In spite of his long reign, he never successfully controlled the militarists who commanded the provinces and ignored imperial decrees. In the latter part of his reign Dez...
  • tea (beverage)
    beverage produced by steeping in freshly boiled water the young leaves and leaf buds of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. Two principal varieties are used, the small-leaved China plant (C. sinensis sinensis) and the large-leaved Assam plant (C. sinensis assamica). Hybrids of these two varieties are also grown. The leaves may be fermented or left unfermented....
  • tea (plant)
    cultivation of the tea plant, usually done in large commercial operations. The plant, a species of evergeen (Camellia sinensis), is valued for its young leaves and leaf buds, from which the tea beverage is produced. This article treats the cultivation of the tea plant. For information on the processing of tea and the history of its use, see the article tea...
  • tea (drug)
    the Indian hemp plant, Cannabis sativa (cannabis), or the crude drug composed of its leaves and flowers. It is usually dried and crushed and put into pipes or formed into cigarettes (joints) for smoking. The drug—known by a variety of other names, including pot, tea, grass, and weed—can also be added to foods and bever...
  • Tea Act (Great Britain [1773])
    (1773), in British American colonial history, legislative maneuver by the British ministry of Lord North to make English tea marketable in America. A previous crisis had been averted in 1770 when all the Townshend Acts duties had been lifted except that on tea, which had been mainly supplied to the Colonies since then by Dutch smugglers. In an effort to help the financially tro...
  • tea and coffee service
    set of vessels and implements for making and serving tea and coffee, the items often of matched design. Elaborate 18th-century examples had tea and coffee pots, a milk or cream jug, a pair of tea caddies, a sugar bowl and pair of tongs, teaspoons and a small tray for them, a tea strainer, and cups and saucers. All of these were normally placed on a tray, while an urn or kettle on a separate stand...
  • tea blight bug (insect)
    Helopeltis theivora is the tea blight bug of Southeast Asia. It is both common and highly destructive....
  • tea caddy (container)
    container for tea. A corrupt form of the Malay kati, a weight of a little more than a pound (or about half a kilogram), the word was applied first to porcelain jars filled with tea and imported into England from China. Many caddies made from silver, copper, brass, pewter, and other decorative materials, such as veneers of tortoiseshell or ivory on wood, were...
  • tea ceremony (Japanese tradition)
    time-honoured institution in Japan, rooted in the principle of Zen Buddhism and founded upon the adoration of the beautiful in the daily routine of life. It is an aesthetic way of entertaining guests, in which everything is done according to an established order....
  • tea family (plant family)
    the tea family of plants in the order Theales. The Theaceae comprises about 40 genera of trees or shrubs native to temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres, including several ornamental plants, one that is the source of tea. Members of the family have evergreen leaves and flowers with five sepals (leaflike structures) and petals and numerous stamens inserted at the base of the ovary. Th...
  • tea garden (Japanese landscape)
    ...15 stones divided into five groups. If anything is represented here, it is some rocky islets in a sea, but the appeal of the garden lies essentially in the charm of its relationships. The Japanese tea garden grew out of an esoteric ritual originated in China and connected with the taking of tea. The tea cult, which flourished from the 14th to the end of the 16th centuries, was calculated to......
  • tea olive (plant)
    a plant of the genus Osmanthus in the family Oleaceae, often grown for its fragrant flowers and shining, evergreen foliage. There are about 15 species, native to eastern North America, Mexico, southeastern Asia, Hawaii, and New Caledonia. Sweet olive, or sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans), a 10-metre (33-foot) tree, produces an edible fruit. Its leaves, used to perfume tea, hide th...
  • tea rose (plant)
    ...and sold in florist shops. Hybrid teas come in the complete range of rose colours and have large, symmetrical blossoms. Hybrid teas resulted from the crossbreeding of frequently blooming but fragile tea roses with vigorous hybrid perpetual roses. The hybrid perpetuals achieved great popularity until they were supplanted by the hybrid teas in the early 20th century. Polyantha roses are a class o...
  • tea rose, hybrid (plant)
    There are several major classes of garden roses. The best-known and most popular class of rose are the hybrid tea roses, which account for the majority of roses grown in greenhouses and gardens and sold in florist shops. Hybrid teas come in the complete range of rose colours and have large, symmetrical blossoms. Hybrid teas resulted from the crossbreeding of frequently blooming but fragile tea......
  • tea service
    set of vessels and implements for making and serving tea and coffee, the items often of matched design. Elaborate 18th-century examples had tea and coffee pots, a milk or cream jug, a pair of tea caddies, a sugar bowl and pair of tongs, teaspoons and a small tray for them, a tea strainer, and cups and saucers. All of these were normally placed on a tray, while an urn or kettle on a separate stand...
  • tea tree (plant)
    Melaleuca quinquenervia, also called punk tree and tea tree, grows to a height of 8 metres (25 feet); it has spongy white bark that peels off in thin layers. M. leucadendron, also called river tea tree, is sometimes confused with the former; its leaves provide cajeput oil, used for medicinal purposes in parts of the Orient. The common name swamps paperbark is applied to M.......
  • tea tree (Leptospermum)
    Many species are called tea trees: the Australian tea tree (Leptospermum laevigatum), growing to a height of 6 m (20 feet), has shredding bark and white flowers. It is used for reclamation planting and erosion control on sandy soils. The woolly tea tree (L. lanigerum) differs in having fuzzy young shoots. The shrubby New Zealand tea tree, or manuka (L. scoparium), has......
  • teaberry (Gaultheria species)
    ...slender, diffuse shrub of the California redwood forests; it grows 0.3–1.8 metres (1–6 feet) tall and has dark-purple edible fruits. G. procumbens, commonly known as checkerberry, teaberry, or wintergreen, is a creeping shrub with white, bell-shaped flowers, spicy red fruits, and shiny, aromatic leaves. G. hispidula, or creeping snowberry, is a mat-forming evergreen....
  • teaberry (plant)
    (Mitchella repens), North American plant of the madder family (Rubiaceae), growing in dry woods from southwestern Newfoundland to Minnesota and southward to Florida and Texas. It is evergreen, with nearly round, 18-millimetre (0.7-inch) leaves, often variegated with white lines; a slender, often whitish, trailing stem; and white flowers, often borne in pairs, which are replaced by scarlet,...
  • Teach, Edward (English pirate)
    one of history’s most famous pirates, who became an imposing figure in American folklore....
  • Teach for America (nonprofit organization)
    nonprofit educational organization formed in 1990 to address underachievement in American public schools....
  • teacher education
    any of the formal programs that have been established for the preparation of teachers at the elementary- and secondary-school levels....
  • Teacher of Orators (work by Lucian)
    ...descriptions of contemporary historians who imitate Thucydides by introducing plagues and funeral orations into their narratives. Less attractive are his attacks on contemporary rhetoricians. His Teacher of Orators contains ironical advice on how to become a successful orator by means of claptrap and impudence, while in Word-Flaunter he attacks a contemporary rhetorician who is......
  • teacher-training college (teacher education)
    institution for the training of teachers. One of the first schools so named, the École Normale Supérieure (“Normal Superior School”), was established in Paris in 1794. Based on various German exemplars, the school was intended to serve as a model for other teacher-training schools. Later it became affiliated with the University of Paris....
  • Teachers Association (American organization)
    American voluntary association of teachers, administrators, and other educators associated with elementary and secondary schools and colleges and universities. It is the world’s largest professional organization. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C....
  • Teachers College (college, New York City, New York, United States)
    ...as commerce, government, and navigation. It has numerous strong graduate and professional schools and various institutes for research and advanced study that have a cosmopolitan outlook. Its Teachers College (1887), with the city for a laboratory, is one of the best known in the nation, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons (1767), together with the Presbyterian Hospital and allied......
  • teachers’ college (teacher education)
    institution for the training of teachers. One of the first schools so named, the École Normale Supérieure (“Normal Superior School”), was established in Paris in 1794. Based on various German exemplars, the school was intended to serve as a model for other teacher-training schools. Later it became affiliated with the University of Paris....
  • Teachers College of Connecticut (university, New Britain, Connecticut, United States)
    public, coeducational institution of higher learning in New Britain, Conn., U.S. It is one of four universities in the Connecticut State University system. The university includes schools of business, technology, arts and sciences, and education and professional studies. The graduate school offers master’s degree programs in most areas of study. Total enrollment is approx...
  • Teachers’ Day (Taiwanese holiday)
    ...born on the 27th day of the eighth lunar month has been questioned by historians, but September 28 is still widely observed in East Asia as Confucius’s birthday. It is an official holiday, “Teachers’ Day,” in Taiwan....
  • teaching
    the profession of those who give instruction, especially in an elementary or a secondary school or in a university....
  • teaching certification
    Generally speaking, in federal countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia, each state or province sets its own requirements for certification, which inevitably do much to shape the content and organization of the teacher-education programs. The variety of such regulations often means that teachers who have received their education and training in one province or state are not......
  • teaching machine (device)
    any mechanical device used for presenting a program of instructional material....
  • “Teaching of the Apostles” (work on ecclesiastical law)
    The work consists of eight books. The first six are an adaptation of the Didascalia Apostolorum, written in Syria about ad 250. They deal with Christian ethics, the duties of the clergy, the eucharistic liturgy, and various church problems and rituals....
  • “Teaching of the Twelve Apostles” (Christian theological literature)
    the oldest surviving Christian church order, probably written in Egypt or Syria in the 2nd century. In 16 short chapters it deals with morals and ethics, church practice, and the eschatological hope (of the Second Coming of Christ at the end of time) and presents a general program for instruction and initiation into the primitive church....
  • Teagarden, Charlie (American musician)
    Jack’s brother, Charlie Teagarden, played trumpet off and on in Jack’s bands and did free-lance work for several well-known bandleaders, including Paul Whiteman, Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey, and Bob Crosby....
  • Teagarden, Jack (American musician)
    U.S. jazz trombonist, unique because he developed a widely imitated style that appeared to have arrived fully formed....
  • Teagarden, John Weldon (American musician)
    U.S. jazz trombonist, unique because he developed a widely imitated style that appeared to have arrived fully formed....
  • Teague, Walter Dorwin (American industrial designer)
    industrial designer who pioneered in the establishment of industrial design as a profession in the United States....
  • teahouse (Japanese architecture)
    Sen Rikyū redefined the tea ceremony in all its aspects: the rules of procedure, the utensils, the teahouse architecture (of which he designed several styles), and even the tea-garden landscaping. He returned to the utter simplicity practiced by Shukō, a 15th-century monk who founded the Japanese tea ceremony. He firmly established the concepts of ......
  • teak (tree)
    large deciduous tree of the family Verbenaceae, or its wood, one of the most valuable timbers. Teak has been widely used in India for more than 2,000 years. The name teak is from the Malayalam word tēkka....
  • TEAL (New Zealand airline)
    New Zealand international airline founded in 1939 (as Tasman Empire Airways Limited, or TEAL) and, by 1980, operating throughout the South Pacific from New Zealand and Australia to Hong Kong and Singapore and to Tahiti, Hawaii, and Los Angeles. The original shareholders in 1939 were New Zealand (50 percent), Australia (30 percent), and Britain (20 percent); Britain withdrew in 1953, and New Zealan...
  • teal (bird)
    any of about 15 small ducks of the genus Anas (family Anatidae), found on the six major continents and many islands. Within the divisions of true duck species, the teal belong in the dabbling duck group. Many of the teal are popular as game birds, the best known being the Holarctic green-winged teal (A. crecca), a bird about 33–38 centimetres (13–15 i...
  • Tealia (cnidarian genus)
    ...oceans to depths of more than 10,000 metres (about 33,000 feet). Some live in brackish water. They are largest, most numerous, and most colourful in warmer seas. The colourful Tealia are found in temperate regions....
  • team handball (sport)
    game played between two teams of 7 or 11 players who try to throw or hit an inflated ball into a goal at either end of a rectangular playing area while preventing their opponents from doing so. It is unrelated to the two- or four-player games (see handball and fives), in which a small, hard ball is hit against one or more walls....
  • team policing
    Team policing was introduced in the early 1970s in New York City. Patterned after earlier efforts in Britain, the approach emphasized the delivery of round-the-clock decentralized patrol services by a team of officers, usually under the direction of a sergeant or lieutenant, in a specific geographic area. Team commanders were responsible for conditions in the patrol area, regardless of whether......
  • team roping (rodeo event)
    rodeo event in which two mounted cowboys attempt to rope and immobilize a full-grown steer. The event is timed, and the team with the lowest time wins. The team is allowed three throws. The first roper, called the header, must rope the steer about the head, and his partner, called the heeler, must rope both of the animal’s hindfeet, bringing the steer ...
  • team teaching (education)
    Team teaching represents an attempt to make better use of every teacher’s potential in any subject area, to create a flexible learning situation, and to make nonstreaming more effective. The normal class of 30 pupils with an individual subject teacher is replaced by a larger group of pupils and a team of teachers, who pool their efforts. Although the team plan may take several forms, it......
  • Teamsters Union
    largest private-sector labour union in the United States, representing truck drivers and workers in related industries (such as aviation). The union was formed in 1903 when the Team Drivers International Union (1899) merged with the Teamsters National Union (1902). Local deliverymen using horse-drawn vehicles remained the core membership until the 1930s, when they were superseded by intercity truc...
  • Teapot Dome Scandal (United States history)
    in American history, scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall. After President Warren G. Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921, Fall secretly granted to Harry F. Sinclair o...
  • tear (biochemistry)
    The exposed surface of the globe (eyeball) is kept moist by the tears secreted by the lacrimal apparatus, together with the mucous and oily secretions of the other secretory organs and cells of the lids and conjunctiva; these have been described earlier. The secretion produces what has been called the precorneal film, which consists of an inner layer of mucus, a middle layer of lacrimal......
  • tear duct (anatomy)
    structures that produce and distribute the watery component of the tear film. Tears consist of a complex and usually clear fluid that is diffused between the eye and the eyelid. Further components of the tear film include an inner mucous layer produced by specialized conjunctival cells and an outer lipid layer produced by ...
  • tear gas (chemistry)
    any of a group of substances that irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes, causing a stinging sensation and tears. They may also irritate the upper respiratory tract, causing coughing, choking, and general debility. Tear gas was first used in World War I in chemical warfare, but since its effects are short-lasting and rarely disabling, it came into use by law-enforcement agencies as a means of d...
  • tear gland (anatomy)
    The lacrimal glands, the small glands that secrete the watery component of tears and are located behind the outer part of each upper lid, are rarely inflamed but may become so as a complication of viral infection, such as in mumps or mononucleosis (caused by Epstein-Barr virus). Inflammations of the lacrimal sac are much more common. The lacrimal, or tear, sac lies in a hollow at the inner......
  • Tearle, Sir Godfrey (British actor)
    ...Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London (1944–46). In 1949 she joined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre at Stratford-upon-Avon, where she began a passionate love affair with 60-year-old actor Sir Godfrey Tearle; in her book Godfrey: A Special Time Remembered (1983) she described their four years together as the happiest of her life. Their relationship inspired the play Time......
  • Tears of the Indians, The (work by Las Casas)
    While awaiting an audience with Charles V, Las Casas conceived the idea of still another work, the Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias (“A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies”), which he wrote in 1542 and in which the historical events described are in themselves of less importance than their theological......
  • Tears, Trail of (United States history)
    in U.S. history, the forced relocation during the 1830s of Eastern Woodlands Indians to areas west of the Mississippi River. Estimates based on tribal and military records suggest that approximately 100,000 indigenous people were forced from their homes during this period, which is sometimes known as the removal era, and that some 15,000 died during the journey west. The term Tr...
  • Teasdale, Sara (American poet)
    American poet whose short, personal lyrics were noted for their classical simplicity and quiet intensity....
  • Teasdale, Sara Trevor (American poet)
    American poet whose short, personal lyrics were noted for their classical simplicity and quiet intensity....
  • teasel (plant genus)
    any of about 15 species constituting the genus Dipsacus of the family Dipsacaceae, native to Europe, the Mediterranean area, and tropical Africa. Many teasels are prickly, coarse biennials with opposite leaves that join at the base to form a rainwater-holding trough around the stem. The tall-domed heads of numerous, four-lobed flowers sit on a crownlike circle of spiny, narrow bracts (leaf...
  • teasel family (plant family)
    Dipsacaceae, or the teasel family, includes 11 genera and 290 species, most of them Eurasian or African (many are from the Mediterranean region). They are herbs with bilaterally symmetric flowers clustered in heads or involucres, a well-developed epicalyx, and fruits that are dry and single-seeded, with awns or bristles. Dipsacus sativus (teasel) is noted for its compact head of flowers......
  • teasel order (plant order)
    teasel or honeysuckle order of flowering plants, containing 45 genera and about 1,100 species, which are distributed worldwide but centred mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. The order is best known for its ornamental plants, such as Lonicera (honeysuckle), Viburnum (arrowwood and guelder rose), and Scabiosa (scabious, or...
  • teat (mammary gland)
    ...It begins almost exclusively during the first three weeks of nursing and is limited to the period of lactation (milk production). The bacterial organisms invade the breast through cracks in the nipples, the exposed lymphatic ducts, or the milk ducts. Irregular nursing, which leads to overfilling of the breasts, increases the effects of infections. The breasts become swollen, painful,......
  • Teataja (Estonian newspaper)
    Of peasant stock, Päts was educated in the law but began a career in journalism in 1901, when he founded the Estonian-language newspaper Teataja (“Announcer”), which reflected Päts’s socialistic leanings. In 1904 Päts became deputy mayor of Tallinn. During an Estonian rising in connection with the 1905 Russian Revolution, Päts, although he ha...
  • Teate (Italy)
    city, Abruzzi regione, central Italy, on a hill overlooking the Pescara River, south of Pescara. It originated as Teate, chief town of the Marrucini (an ancient Italic tribe), and was taken by the Romans in 305 bc. Destroyed by the barbarians and rebuilt by Theodoric the Ostrogoth king in the 6th century, it was successively a Lombard stronghold, a Norman co...
  • Teatr 13 Rzedow (theatrical group, Poland)
    ...from very different traditions, so that when Suzuki Tadashi’s Waseda company from Tokyo arrived in Europe in 1972, it found itself being compared in its intense physicality to Jerzy Grotowski’s Polish Laboratory Theatre from Wrocław in Poland, though the two companies had been founded independently in the early 1960s....
  • teatro alla moda, Il (work by Marcello)
    Italian composer and writer, especially remembered for two works: the satirical pamphlet Il teatro alla moda (1720); and Estro poeticoarmonico (1724–26), a setting for voices and instruments of the first 50 psalms in an Italian paraphrase by G. Giustiniani. Il teatro alla moda is an amusing pamphlet in which Marcello vented his opinions on the state of musical drama......
  • “teatro alla moda, o sia metodo sicuro e facile per ben comporre ed eseguire opere italiane in musica, Il” (work by Marcello)
    Italian composer and writer, especially remembered for two works: the satirical pamphlet Il teatro alla moda (1720); and Estro poeticoarmonico (1724–26), a setting for voices and instruments of the first 50 psalms in an Italian paraphrase by G. Giustiniani. Il teatro alla moda is an amusing pamphlet in which Marcello vented his opinions on the state of musical drama......
  • Teatro alla Scala (opera house, Milan, Italy)
    theatre in Milan, one of the principal opera houses of the world and the leading Italian house....
  • Teatro all’Antica (theatre, Sabbioneta, Italy)
    In 1588–89 Scamozzi designed the Teatro all’Antica, a small court theatre for the Gonzaga family at Sabbioneta. Unlike the Teatro Olimpico the stage here is a single architectural vista behind a shallow-raked open platform, after the manner of the stage illustrated by Sebastiano Serlio. At Sabbioneta a divided horsehoe-shaped bank of seating leaves an empty arena, at floor level, in ...
  • Teatro Amazonas (opera house, Manaus, Brazil)
    ...on the production of natural rubber from the tree Hevea brasiliensis brought prosperity to the city. Manaus’s majestic buildings and homes, including the cathedral and ornate opera house (Teatro Amazonas, constructed 1896 and renovated 1987–90), and the creation of port commerce date from that period. Manaus also became one of the first cities in Brazil to have electricity....
  • Teatro Campesino, El (theatrical group)
    ...campaigns of the Vietnam War era resulted in the formation of a large number of innovative companies. Notable among these groups were the San Francisco Mime Troupe, Bread and Puppet Theatre, and El Teatro Campesino. The San Francisco Mime Troupe revived commedia dell’arte techniques in their politically motivated street performances. El Teatro Campesino invented the acto in an att...
  • Teatro crítico universal (work by Feijóo y Montenegro)
    ...order, he taught philosophy and theology at the University of Oviedo. His essays publicized and encouraged the spread of the new scientific knowledge and exalted reason. His two principal works, Teatro crítico universal (1726–39) and Cartas eruditas y curiosas (1742–60), deal with an encyclopaedic variety of subjects: natural science, education, law, medicine,...
  • teatro de arte en España, Un (work by Martínez Sierra)
    ...contribution to the Spanish theatre was his introduction of the art theatre while he was director of the Eslava Theatre in Madrid (1917–28). His work there is described in his book Un teatro de arte en España (1926; “An Art Theatre in Spain”). His popularity waned after his death....
  • Teatro dell’Opera (theatre, Rome, Italy)
    ...sculpted into the outer wall, it enlarges on concepts advanced by Michelangelo. Bernini’s use of coloured marbles and shrewd lighting effects gives the small structure extra dimension. Nearby is the Teatro dell’Opera (Opera House), built in 1880 by Achille Sfondrini. It was acquired by the state in 1926 and is Rome’s most important lyric theatre....
  • Teatro di San Cassiano (opera house, Venice, Italy)
    ...written for several separate choirs by Giovanni Gabrieli and Claudio Monteverdi for San Marco Basilica echoed around its Byzantine interior with stirring effect. After the opening in 1637 of the San Cassiano Theatre (Europe’s first public opera house), the commercial flair of Venice’s patricians, allied to the secular ambitions of choirmasters of San Marco such as Monteverdi and F...
  • Teatro español (work by García de la Huerta)
    ...and was a political prisoner in Oran, where Raquel was performed. Although he was learned and translated Sophocles and Voltaire, his critical ability was not very sound. His 16-volume Teatro español (1785–86; “Spanish Theatre”), a collection of Spanish drama from the Golden Age (c. 1500–1650), was personal in its outlook, reflecting his......
  • Teatro Grottesco (Italian theatrical movement)
    ...space, masks, and costumes to Surrealistic effect. He also wished his actors to master the acrobatic aspects of the commedia dell’arte as an antidote to cerebral acting. Another movement was the Teatro Grottesco, which explored the contradictions between outward appearance and inner reality. This became a central theme in the work of the dramatist Luigi Pirandello, whose plays questioned...
  • Teatro Novo (essay by Garção)
    ...adopted a classical simplicity. His sonnets and epistles reveal him as a man of good taste and good sense, devoted to his friends and possessing high ideals of conduct and of art. The Teatro Novo (1766; “New Theatre”) attacked foreign influences in the theatre, especially Italianate ones, and the Assembléia ou Partida (“Meeting or......
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