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  • Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (African organization)
    Mali, along with seven other French-speaking countries in western Africa, is a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine). These countries share a common bank, the Central Bank of West African States (Banque Centrale des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest), which is headquartered in Dakar, Seneg. The bank iss...
  • Union, Edict of (France [1588])
    ...the orders and opposition of the king, who, finding himself powerless, withdrew to Chartres. Once more Henry III was obliged to accept such terms as the Leaguers chose to impose; and he signed the Edict of Union (1588), in which he named Guise lieutenant general of the kingdom and declared that no heretic could succeed to the throne. Unable to endure the humiliation, Henry III that same winter....
  • Union et Progrès National (political party, Burundi)
    ...World War II, Burundians began to press for independence. Although the traditional leaders of Burundi and Rwanda were denied legal status for a political party they formed in 1955, three years later Unity for National Progress (Unité pour le Progrès National; UPRONA) was established in Burundi. In 1959 the mwami was made a constitutional monarch in Burundi....
  • Union Européenne (European organization)
    international organization comprising 27 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies. Originally confined to western Europe, the EU has expanded to include several central and eastern European countries. The EU’s members are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hunga...
  • Union Evangelical Church (German religious history [1817])
    ...union of Lutherans and Reformed was not doctrinal but only administrative. Nevertheless, most Prussian regional churches had by then adopted a uniform church order, taking the name Churches of the Prussian Union....
  • Union Falls (gorge, South America)
    spectacular cataract on the Río Iguazú (Rio Iguaçu) at the border of Argentina and Brazil. The water roars down a descent of 269 feet (82 metres)....
  • Union Flag
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  • Union Flag (flag of Great Britain)
    ...and Protectorate period (1649–60), the Irish harp was incorporated in the Union Jack, but the flag resumed its original form on the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Thus did the “Union Flag,” or “Great Union,” continue in use until January 1, 1801, the effective date of the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland. In order to incorporate the Cross of....
  • Union for a Popular Movement (political party, France)
    In 2002 Chirac’s party, the RPR, merged with part of the Union for the French Democracy and the Liberal Democratic party to create the Union for the Presidential Majority (later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement; UMP). In the same year—despite criticism for various ethical lapses and accusations of illegal fund-raising levied against the RPR—Chirac won the first round o...
  • Union for National Progress (political party, Burundi)
    ...World War II, Burundians began to press for independence. Although the traditional leaders of Burundi and Rwanda were denied legal status for a political party they formed in 1955, three years later Unity for National Progress (Unité pour le Progrès National; UPRONA) was established in Burundi. In 1959 the mwami was made a constitutional monarch in Burundi....
  • Union for the Defense of the Fatherland and Freedom (Soviet military organization)
    After the Bolshevik Revolution, Savinkov established a clandestine military organization, the Union for the Defense of the Fatherland and Freedom. This group organized an uprising in Yaroslavl (July 6–21, 1918) that was intended to coincide with an Allied invasion of Russia and to stimulate a nationwide rebellion against the Bolsheviks....
  • Union for the New Republic (political party, France)
    ...to power as the only figure capable of resolving the national crisis over Algeria; his victory did not result from party politicking. His supporters coalesced into three main groups, of which the Union for the New Republic (Union pour la Nouvelle République; UNR) emerged as the most important and electorally successful, gaining 26 percent of the vote in the 1958 election....
  • Union for the Presidential Majority (political party, France)
    In 2002 Chirac’s party, the RPR, merged with part of the Union for the French Democracy and the Liberal Democratic party to create the Union for the Presidential Majority (later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement; UMP). In the same year—despite criticism for various ethical lapses and accusations of illegal fund-raising levied against the RPR—Chirac won the first round o...
  • Union for the Progress of Chad (political party, Chad)
    ...leader, who became the first president of the republic. In March 1961 Tombalbaye achieved a fusion of the PPT with the principal opposition party, the National African Party (PNA), to form a new Union for the Progress of Chad. An alleged conspiracy by Muslim elements, however, led in 1963 to the dissolution of the National Assembly, a brief state of emergency, and the arrest of the leading......
  • Union for the Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class, The (political organization, Russia)
    ...return to Russia in 1895, Lenin and other Marxists, including L. Martov, the future leader of the Mensheviks, succeeded in unifying the Marxist groups of the capital in an organization known as the Union for the Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class. The Union issued leaflets and proclamations on the workers’ behalf, supported workers’ strikes, and infiltrated workers...
  • Union, Formula of (Christianity)
    ...for or contributed to the Chalcedonian solution. Three who deserve mention are Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Proclus of Constantinople, and John Cassian. The first was probably responsible for drafting the Formula of Union (433) that became the basis of the Chalcedonian Definition. Proclus was an outstanding pulpit orator, and several of his sermons as well as seven letters concerned with the......
  • Union, Fort (historical fort, North Dakota, United States)
    ...of the Canadian border. The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed through the area in 1804–05. Assiniboin, Crow, Blackfoot, and Cree Indians traded with American Fur Company representatives at Fort Union, built in 1828 near the junction of the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers (about 25 miles [40 km] southwest of the city; now Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site). Originally......
  • Union Française (French history)
    a political entity created by the constitution of 1946 of the Fourth French Republic. It replaced the French colonial empire with a semifederal entity that absorbed the colonies (overseas départements and territories) and gave former protectorates a limited local autonomy with some voice in decision making in Paris. By the constitution of 1958 it was replaced by La Communauté ...
  • Unión General de Trabajadores (labour organization, Spain)
    ...the PSOE’s central committee. The following year El Socialistica, the socialist newspaper, was founded, with Iglesias as editor. He also headed the socialist-affiliated Unión General de Trabajadores (General Union of Workers), organized in 1888....
  • Union Group (territory, New Zealand)
    island territory of New Zealand, consisting of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean. Tokelau lies about 300 miles (480 km) north of Samoa and 2,400 miles (3,900 km) southwest of Hawaii. Tokelau does not have a central capital; each atoll has its own administrative centre. Total land area 4.7 square miles (12.2 square km...
  • Union Institute Society (university, Durham, North Carolina, United States)
    private coeducational institution of higher learning in Durham, North Carolina, U.S., affiliated with but not controlled by the United Methodist Church. In 1839 the Union Institute Society was established in Randolph county, to the west of Durham, and in 1859 it was reorganized as Trinity College; the college moved to Durham in 1892. When a ...
  • Union Internationale de la Marionnette
    ...meeting each other and seeing each other’s performances at international festivals of the puppet theatre. These festivals now take place almost every year and are usually sponsored by UNIMA, the Union Internationale de la Marionnette, an international society of puppeteers. Originally founded in 1929 and reconstituted in 1957, UNIMA has members in some 65 countries and provides a common....
  • Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon (international sports organization)
    ...held in Chamonix, France, in 1924. The event was then called “military patrol” and was again included (still with demonstration status) at the Winter Games of 1928, 1936, and 1948. The Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon (founded 1948) worked for the development of both sports and instituted an annual world championship for the biathlon in 1958. The biathlon was...
  • Union Internationale de Radiophonie (international broadcasting organization)
    ...in 1903 and 1906 on radiotelegraph, and still another in London in 1912 to cover the whole field of radio communications. An informal conference of 10 countries held in London in 1925 created the Union Internationale de Radiophonie. The union was based in Geneva, with a BBC representative as president and another as secretary-general, and was the first international broadcasting organization......
  • Union Internationale des Télécommunications (UN agency)
    specialized agency of the United Nations that was created to encourage international cooperation in all forms of telecommunication. Its activities include maintaining order in the allocation of radio frequencies, setting standards on technical and operational matters, and assisting countries in developing their own telecommunication systems....
  • Union Jack
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  • Unión, La (El Salvador)
    city, eastern El Salvador. It is located at the northern foot of Conchagua Volcano (about 4,100 feet [1,250 m]), on La Unión Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Fonseca. The city’s economic activity centres on a tortoiseshell industry and beach resort facilities. The nearby port of Cutuco, once one of the country’s larger ports, has been inactive since 1996. Situat...
  • Union League (United States history)
    in U.S. history, any of the associations originally organized in the North to inspire loyalty to the Union cause during the American Civil War. During Reconstruction, they spread to the South to ensure Republicans of support among newly enfranchised blacks....
  • Union Line (British company)
    ...the Castle Line of sailing ships between Liverpool and Calcutta in 1862 and, in 1872, the Castle Line to South Africa. From 1876 the South African mail contract was divided between the Castle and Union lines, until, after intense rivalry, they merged in 1900....
  • Union Marocaine du Travail, L’ (trade union)
    ...among university graduates holding nontechnical degrees is especially high. Several trade unions exist in the country; the largest of these, with nearly 700,000 members, is L’Union Marocaine du Travail, which is affiliated with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions....
  • Union Minière du Haut-Katanga (African company)
    ...of Conakat (Confédération des Associations Tribales du Katanga), a political party that was supported by Tshombe’s ethnic group, the powerful Lunda, and by the Belgian mining monopoly Union Minière du Haut Katanga, which controlled the province’s rich copper mines. At a conference called by the Belgian government in 1960 to discuss independence for the Congo, ...
  • Union Movement (British political organization)
    English politician who was the leader of the British Union of Fascists from 1932 to 1940 and of its successor, the Union Movement, from 1948 until his death. These groups were known for distributing anti-Semitic propaganda, conducting hostile demonstrations in the Jewish sections of east London, and wearing Nazi-style uniforms and insignia....
  • Unión Nacional de Esperanza (political party, Guatemala)
    ...the neoliberal National Advancement Party (Partido de Avanzada Nacional; PAN), and the National Alliance (Alianza National; AN). Notable parties that formed in the early 21st century include the National Union for Hope (Unión Nacional de Esperanza; UNE), the Patriotic Party (Partido Patriota; PP), the Grand National Alliance (Gran Alianza Nacional; GANA), and the Centre of Social......
  • Unión Nacional Oposición (Nicaraguan political organization)
    ...election that was widely criticized for its lack of safeguards for opposition parties. In 1990, however, the Nicaraguan populace, weary of war and economic depression, voted for the 14 parties of the National Opposition Union, which formed a government while the Sandinistas relinquished power....
  • Unión Nacional Sinarquista (political party, Mexico)
    (from Spanish sin, “without,” anarquía, “anarchy”), fascist movement in Mexico, based on the Unión Nacional Sinarquista, a political party founded in 1937 at León, Guanajuato state, in opposition to policies established after the Revolution of 1911, especially in opposition to the anticlerical laws. It originated at the instigation of ...
  • Union Nationale (political organization, Canada)
    ...new came to a head in the last years of the regime of Premier Maurice Duplessis, an economic conservative and Quebec nationalist who led Quebec in 1936–39 and 1944–59. As leader of the Union Nationale party—a party he had helped to create—Duplessis’s first term in office ended when he lost the 1939 election after challenging Ottawa’s right to intervene ...
  • Union Nationale Camerounaise (political party, Cameroon)
    Cameroon was a de facto one-party state from 1966 and was dominated by the Cameroon National Union, a merger of six political parties; it was renamed the Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement in 1985. After much political unrest and many violent clashes, a constitutional amendment in 1990 established a multiparty system; main opposition groups included the Social Democratic Front, the Natio...
  • Union Nationale des Forces Populaires (political party, Morocco)
    ...taught mathematics before he entered political life. He joined the Istiqlal Party, becoming speaker of the National Consultative Assembly, and in 1959 left the party to found the left-wing National Union of Popular Forces (UNFP). He was widely considered as a likely president for a possible Republic of Morocco. When Morocco and Algeria had a brief war in 1963, Ben Barka sided with......
  • Union of Citizens of Georgia (political party, Georgia)
    ...and at Columbia University, New York City. From 1993 to 1995 he worked for a New York law firm. Saakashvili returned to Georgia in 1995 at the invitation of Zurab Zhvania, then chairman of the Union of Citizens of Georgia (SMK), and was elected to Parliament in November 1995 on the SMK ticket. From 1995 to 1998 he served as chairman of Parliament’s Committee on Legal Affairs and lobbied....
  • Union of European Football Associations (sports organization)
    ...members to form continental confederations. The first of these, the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (commonly known as CONMEBOL), was founded in South America in 1916. In 1954 the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) were established. Africa’s governing body, the Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF...
  • Union of Myanmar
    country, located in the western portion of mainland Southeast Asia. In 1989 the country’s official English name, which it had held since 1885, was changed from the Union of Burma to the Union of Myanmar; in the Burmese language the country has been known as Myanma (or, more precisely, Mranma Prañ) since the 13th century. The English name of the capital, Rangoon, al...
  • Union of October 17 (political party, Russia)
    member of a conservative-liberal Russian political party whose program of moderate constitutionalism called for the fulfillment of the emperor Nicholas II’s October Manifesto. Founded in November 1905, the party was led by the industrialist Aleksandr Ivanovich Guchkov and drew support from liberal gentry, businessmen, and some bureaucrats. As the majority party in the thi...
  • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (historical state, Eurasia)
    former northern Eurasian empire (1917/22–1991) stretching from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean and, in its final years, consisting of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (S.S.R.’s)–Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belorussia (now Belarus), Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kirgiziya (now Kyrgyzstan), Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia (now Moldova), Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine...
  • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, flag of
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  • Union of Soviet Writers
    organization formed in 1932 by a decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that abolished existing literary organizations and absorbed all professional Soviet writers into one large union. The union supported Communist Party policies and was the defender and interpreter of the single Soviet literary method, Socialist Realism. Besides establishing fees, privileges, ...
  • Union of the Two Noble and Illustrate Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke, The (work by Hall)
    ...of London in 1533 and undersheriff in 1535. He was also a member of Parliament for Wenlock (1529) and Bridgnorth (1542) in Shropshire. The value of Hall’s great work, of which the full title is The Union of the Two Noble and Illustrate Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke (1548; 2nd ed., 1550), is very considerable for the contemporary reign of Henry VIII, and its literary quality is h...
  • Union Oil Company of California (American company)
    American petrochemical corporation founded in 1890 with the union of three “wildcatter” companies—the Hardison & Stewart Oil Company, the Sespe Oil Company, and the Torrey Canyon Oil Company. Originally centred in Santa Paula, Calif., it became headquartered in Los Angeles in 1900. Its present name was adopted in 1983, when the company was reorganized. Its founders wer...
  • Union or Death (secret Serbian society)
    (Serbo-Croatian: Union or Death), secret Serbian society of the early 20th century that used terrorist methods to promote the liberation of Serbs outside Serbia from Habsburg or Ottoman rule and was instrumental in planning the assassination of the Austrian archduke Francis Ferdinand (1914), precipitating the outbreak of World War I. The society was formed (1911) and led by Col...
  • Union Pacific Railroad Company (American railway)
    company that extended the American railway system to the Pacific Coast; it was incorporated by an act of the U.S. Congress on July 1, 1862. The original rail line was built westward 1,006 miles (1,619 km) from Omaha, Nebraska, to meet the Central Pacific, which was being built eastward from Sacramento, California. The two railroads were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 186...
  • Union Pacific System (American railway)
    company that extended the American railway system to the Pacific Coast; it was incorporated by an act of the U.S. Congress on July 1, 1862. The original rail line was built westward 1,006 miles (1,619 km) from Omaha, Nebraska, to meet the Central Pacific, which was being built eastward from Sacramento, California. The two railroads were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 186...
  • Union Party (political party, Puerto Rico)
    ...Rican political parties since 1898 had attempted to modify the political relations between the island and the U.S. federal government; the island’s Republican Party favoured statehood, whereas the Union Party worked for greater autonomy. The Nationalist Party arose in the 1920s and argued for immediate independence. Meanwhile, the pro-U.S. Socialist Party, led by the highly respected lab...
  • Union Party (political party, United States)
    ...the war, objected to Republican economic policies and to President Abraham Lincoln’s abrogation of civil rights. During the 1864 presidential election, they joined with Republicans in forming the Union Party, which renominated Lincoln for president and selected War Democrat Andrew Johnson of Tennessee as Lincoln’s running mate....
  • Unión Patriótica (political party, Colombia)
    ...paramilitary organizations and sympathetic governments, such as the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. In 1985 the FARC and other left-wing groups, including the PCC, established a political party, Patriotic Union (Unión Patriótica; UP), in a cease-fire agreement with the government. The UP participated in elections beginning in 1986 and won a large portion of the votes. In......
  • Union Populaire Algérienne (Algerian history)
    ...element in French society,” and the abolition of colonialism to bring about the emancipation of the Algerian Muslims as French citizens. Disillusioned by the French in 1938, he organized the Union Populaire Algérienne, which proposed equal rights for French and Algerians while preserving the Algerian culture and language. Nevertheless, at the outbreak of World War II, Abbas......
  • Union pour la Nouvelle République (political party, France)
    ...to power as the only figure capable of resolving the national crisis over Algeria; his victory did not result from party politicking. His supporters coalesced into three main groups, of which the Union for the New Republic (Union pour la Nouvelle République; UNR) emerged as the most important and electorally successful, gaining 26 percent of the vote in the 1958 election....
  • Union pour le Progrés du Tchad (political party, Chad)
    ...leader, who became the first president of the republic. In March 1961 Tombalbaye achieved a fusion of the PPT with the principal opposition party, the National African Party (PNA), to form a new Union for the Progress of Chad. An alleged conspiracy by Muslim elements, however, led in 1963 to the dissolution of the National Assembly, a brief state of emergency, and the arrest of the leading......
  • Union Prayer Book (Jewish prayer book)
    ...of the diversity of Reform prayer books, Wise tried to compile a standard work and in 1857 published the Minhag America (“American Usage”). It was superseded in 1894 by the Union Prayer Book, which came into being, in large part, because Wise had emphasized so often and so forcefully the need for a standard text. A believer in the universal mission of Judaism, he was a......
  • union shop (labour)
    arrangement requiring workers to join a particular union and pay dues within a specified period of time after beginning employment—usually 30 to 90 days. Such an arrangement guarantees that workers will pay for the benefits of union representation. A union shop is less restrictive than a closed shop, which prevents employers from hiring outside the union....
  • Unión Sindical Obrera (Spanish labour organization)
    ...Sindical de Comisiones Obreras; CC.OO.), which is affiliated with the Communist Party and is also structured by sectional and territorial divisions. Other unions include the Workers’ Syndical Union (Unión Sindical Obrera; USO), which has a strong Roman Catholic orientation; the Independent Syndicate of Civil Servants (Confederación Sindical Independiente de Funcionarios); t...
  • Union Solidarity and Development Association (social organization, Myanmar)
    ...the convention had failed to complete its task; it did not reconvene until 2004. Also in 1993 the military government sought to ensure its continued support by forming a new social organization, the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), the aims of which paralleled those of the SLORC. By the early 21st century, more than one-fifth of the country’s population belonged to th...
  • Union Sulphur Company (American company)
    ...called the Frasch process) of removing sulfur from crude oil. He also patented processes for manufacturing white lead, sodium carbonate, and carbon for the filaments in electric light bulbs. The Union Sulphur Company, of which he was president, became the world’s leading sulfur-mining firm....
  • Union Tank Car Company (American company)
    ...parts of the world, the most publicized of which was the United States exhibition dome at Expo 67 in Montreal. One houses the tropical exhibit area of a St. Louis botanical garden; another, the Union Tank Car Company’s dome, was built in 1958 in Baton Rouge, La. This dome, at the time of its construction the largest clear-span structure in existence, is 384 feet (117 m) in diameter and 1...
  • Union Terminal (former railroad station, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States)
    ...parts of the world, the most publicized of which was the United States exhibition dome at Expo 67 in Montreal. One houses the tropical exhibit area of a St. Louis botanical garden; another, the Union Tank Car Company’s dome, was built in 1958 in Baton Rouge, La. This dome, at the time of its construction the largest clear-span structure in existence, is 384 feet (117 m) in diameter and 1...
  • union territory (Indian government)
    ...of the union government is that of creating new states, combining states, changing state boundaries, and terminating a state’s existence. The union government may also create and dissolve any of the union territories, whose powers are more limited than those of the states. Although the states exercise either sole or joint control over a substantial range of issues, the constitution estab...
  • union, trade
    association of labourers in a particular trade, industry, or company, created for the purpose of securing improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, or social and political status through collective bargaining....
  • Unionacea (mollusk)
    The largest family of freshwater mussels is Unionidae, with about 750 species, the greatest number of which occur in the United States. Many species also live in Southeast Asian waters....
  • Unione Democratica di Centro (political party, Switzerland)
    conservative Swiss political party....
  • Unione Europea (European organization)
    international organization comprising 27 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies. Originally confined to western Europe, the EU has expanded to include several central and eastern European countries. The EU’s members are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hunga...
  • Unione Italiana del Lavoro (Italian labour organization)
    Italian trade union federation with more than a million and a half members. The UIL was formed in 1950 in opposition to the communist-dominated Italian General Confederation of Labour, Italy’s largest trade union federation, and the Roman Catholic-supported Italian Confederation of Syndicated Labourers. The federation is affiliated with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions....
  • Unione Siciliana (Sicilian fraternal organization)
    American gangster and national president, during its heyday (1918–28), of the Unione Siciliane, a Sicilian fraternal organization that by World War I had become a crime cartel operating in several U.S. cities and active in robbery, prostitution, labour-union extortion, and other rackets....
  • Unione Siciliane (Sicilian fraternal organization)
    American gangster and national president, during its heyday (1918–28), of the Unione Siciliane, a Sicilian fraternal organization that by World War I had become a crime cartel operating in several U.S. cities and active in robbery, prostitution, labour-union extortion, and other rackets....
  • Unionidae (mollusk family)
    ...are far from being the only places where recent extinctions have occurred. The Mississippi and St. Lawrence river basins were home to 297 North American species of the bivalve mollusk families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae. Of these, 21 have become extinct in the past century, and another 120 species are in danger of extinction. During this same period, engineers have extensively dammed......
  • unionism
    association and activities of workers in a trade or industry for the purpose of obtaining or assuring improvements in working conditions through their collective action....
  • unionism, enterprise (Japanese society)
    the organization of a single trade union within one plant or multiplant enterprise rather than within a craft or industry. It is especially prevalent in Japan, where nearly all Japanese unions, representing the vast majority of union membership, are of the enterprise type....
  • Unionist (political party, Portugal)
    By 1912 the republicans were divided into Evolutionists (moderates), led by António José de Almeida; Unionists (centre party), led by Manuel de Brito Camacho; and Democrats (the leftist core of the original party), led by Afonso Costa. A number of prominent republicans had no specific party. The whirligig of republican political life offered little improvement on the monarchist......
  • Unionist Party (political party, South Africa)
    In 1911 Botha established the South African Party, designed to unite the anti-imperialist parties of the Transvaal, Orange Free State, and Cape Colony. The Unionist Party, backed largely by the English-speaking element, was the official party of opposition, but Botha’s program of continued conciliation caused a split among his own followers. Concerned with the survival of their Afrikaner......
  • Unionist Party (political party, Ethiopia)
    ...held these views in the 1940s, the idea of union with Ethiopia attracted the largely Christian population in the highlands—arguably the colony’s majority. The Christians joined the Unionist Party, sponsored by the Ethiopian government, which simultaneously sought international support for regaining its coastal province. The Ethiopians were assisted by an international......
  • Unionoida (bivalve order)
    ...ctenidia eulamellibranch; mantle fusions lacking, especially ventrally; complicated life cycles; wholly freshwater; nonbyssate; infaunal. About 1,200 species.Order UnionoidaLarge, equivalve, varying from round to elongate and with equally variable sculpture; shell of outer prismatic layer and inner layers of nacre; hinge schizodont;.....
  • Unions, Union of (political group, Russia)
    ...founded in 1902, Milyukov did much to swing the moderate members of the zemstvos (local government bodies) to the left. During the revolutionary year 1905, he was active in forming the Union of Unions, a broad alliance of professional associations, and subsequently the Constitutional Democratic, or Kadet, Party. As editor of the Kadet daily newspaper, ......
  • Uniontown (Pennsylvania, United States)
    city, seat (1784) of Fayette county, southwestern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies along Redstone Creek, among the rugged foothills of the Allegheny Mountains, 45 miles (72 km) southeast of Pittsburgh. Settled in 1768 and laid out (1776) by Henry Beeson, a Quaker, it was first known as Beeson’s Town. Its location on the o...
  • Unionville (Pennsylvania, United States)
    city, seat (1878) of Lackawanna county, northeastern Pennsylvania, U.S., in the Lackawanna River valley, on the western fringes of the Pocono Mountains; it is the centre of an urbanized industrial complex that includes Carbondale and Wilkes-Barre....
  • Unionville (South Carolina, United States)
    city, seat of Union county, northern South Carolina, U.S. It lies in hilly piedmont country near the Broad River, 68 miles (109 km) northwest of Columbia. Union was first settled in 1791 as Unionville around Union Church (1765), which was used by various denominations. During the American Civil War, when Columbia was burne...
  • Unionville (Illinois, United States)
    city, Madison and St. Clair counties, southwestern Illinois, U.S. It lies a few miles east of the Mississippi River, opposite St. Louis, Missouri. First settled in 1810 by John Cook of Virginia, the community was laid out in 1837 on bluffs above the river’s floodplain. The village was originally named Unionville but was soon renamed C...
  • Unionville (Illinois, United States)
    city, La Salle county, north-central Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Vermilion (locally Vermillion) River, about 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Chicago. It was laid out in 1868 after the discovery of coal in the vicinity by Colonel Ralph Plumb. It was first called Hardscrabble, for the difficult climb up from the river, and was then known as Unionville after the...
  • UNIP (political party, Zambia)
    ...the nationalists had been released and new constitutions drawn up, and in 1963 the federation was dissolved. In the following year the Malawi Congress Party under Hastings Banda and the United National Independence Party (UNIP) under Kenneth Kaunda won the first universal suffrage elections in Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia, respectively, and led them into independence as Malawi......
  • uniparental disomy (genetics)
    ...occasion, persons are identified with an imprinted gene disorder who show no family history and do not appear to carry any mutation in the expected gene. These cases are now known to result from uniparental disomy, a phenomenon whereby a child is conceived who carries the normal complement of chromosomes but who has inherited both copies of a given chromosome from the same parent, rather......
  • unipolar neuron (anatomy)
    ...either sensory or motor. Sensory ganglia are oval swellings located on the dorsal roots of spinal nerves and on the roots of certain cranial nerves. The sensory neurons making up these ganglia are unipolar. Shaped much like a golf ball on a tee, they have round or slightly oval cell bodies with concentrically located nuclei, and they give rise to a single fibre that undergoes a T-shaped......
  • uniprocessor (computing)
    Creating a multiprocessor from a number of uniprocessors (one CPU) requires physical links and a mechanism for communication among the processors so that they may operate in parallel. Tightly coupled multiprocessors share memory and hence may communicate by storing information in memory accessible by all processors. Loosely coupled multiprocessors, including computer networks (see the section......
  • unique DNA (genetics)
    ...and eukaryotes is that most eukaryotes contain repetitive DNA, with the repeats either clustered or spread out between the unique genes. There are several categories of repetitive DNA: (1) single copy DNA, which contains the structural genes (protein-coding sequences), (2) families of DNA, in which one gene somehow copies itself, and the repeats are located in small clusters (tandem......
  • unique factorization theorem
    ...a positive integer or an algebraic expression that has more than two factors is termed composite. The prime factors of a number or an algebraic expression are those factors which are prime. By the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, except for the order in which the prime factors are written, every whole number larger than 1 can be uniquely expressed as the product of its prime factors; for......
  • Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (work by Boccioni)
    ...have been influenced by Umberto Boccioni, one of the major figures in the Italian Futurist movement and a sculptor who epitomized the Futurist love of force and energy deriving from the machine. In “Unique Forms of Continuity in Space” and “Head + House + Light” (1911), he carried out his theories that the sculptor should model objects as they interact with their......
  • unique-headed bug (insect)
    any of about 130 species of bugs (order Heteroptera) that have an unusual elongated head that is constricted behind the eyes and also at the base. The unique-headed bug is found throughout the world and is about 4 mm (0.2 inch) long. These bugs are also unique in that their forewings are entirely membranous, as opposed to having a thickened basal portion as in all other true bugs. Both the beak an...
  • Uniramia (arthropod subphylum)
    ...gas exchange organs are gills; mostly marine, but many freshwater species; some isopods terrestrial; 44,000 described species in up to 10 classes.Suphylum UniramiaChiefly terrestrial; segmental appendages primitively unbranched; head appendages comprise a pair of antennae, a pair of mandibles, and 1 or 2 pairs of maxillae...
  • unireme (ship)
    ...Mediterranean. As the Greek maritime city-states sped the growth of commerce and thus the need for protection at sea, there evolved a galley built primarily for fighting. The first galleys, called uniremes (Latin: remus, “oar”), mounted their oars in a single bank and were undecked or only partially decked. They were fast and graceful with......
  • unisexual reproduction
    biological reproduction that involves development of a female (rarely a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization. It occurs commonly among lower plants and invertebrate animals, particularly rotifers, aphids, ants, wasps, and bees. An egg produced parthenogenetically may be either haploid (i.e., with one set of dissimilar chromosomes) or diploid (i.e., with a paired set of chro...
  • unisexuality (biology)
    in biology, the condition of an organism or species capable of producing only male or female gametes (sex cells) but never both. A unisexual organism of a bisexual species is one in which the male and female gonads are found in separate individuals. In plants this condition is often called dioecism. A unisexual species is one in which all individuals are of the same sex. Some s...
  • UNISON (British labour union)
    British labour union, an affiliate of the Trades Union Congress, the national organization of British trade unions. UNISON was created in 1993 through the merger of several unions, including the National Union of Public Employees (formed 1905) and the Confederation of Health Service Employees (formed 1910). It maintains a separate political ...
  • Unisys Corporation (American company)
    American technology consulting company that originated as a manufacturer of computer systems. The company was formed in 1986 from the merger of the Sperry Corporation and the Burroughs Corporation....
  • unit (measurement)
    Basic to the whole idea of weights and measures are the concepts of uniformity, units, and standards. Uniformity, the essence of any system of weights and measures, requires accurate, reliable standards of mass and length and agreed-on units. A unit is the name of a quantity, such as kilogram or pound. A standard is the physical embodiment of a unit, such as the platinum-iridium cylinder kept......
  • unit banking
    This system has led inevitably to striking differences between money market arrangements in the United States and those of other countries. At times, some smaller banks almost inevitably find that the wholesale facilities of the money market cannot provide promptly the funds needed to meet unexpected reserve drains, as deposits move about the country from one bank to another. To provide......
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